Statistical data transformation

thumb|300px|link=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Comparison_rounding_graphs_SMIL.svg|Graph of a function|Graphs of the result, , of rounding using different methods. For clarity, the graphs are shown displaced from integer values. In the SVG file, hover over a method to highlight it and, in SMIL-enabled browsers, click to select or deselect it.

statistical term; process of replacing missing data with substituted values

statistical procedure

method used to normalize the range of independent variables

Winsorizing or winsorization is the transformation of statistics by limiting extreme values in the statistical data to reduce the effect of possibly spurious outliers. It is named after the engineer-turned-biostatistician Charles P. Winsor (1895–1951). The effect is the same as clipping in signal processing.