Statistical hypothesis testing

method of statistical inference

In null-hypothesis significance testing, the '''p-value' is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. A very small p-value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis. Even though reporting p''-values of statistical tests is common practice in academic publications of many quantitative fields, misinterpretation and misuse of p-values is widespread and has been a major topic in mathematics and metascience.

statistical concept

statistical assessment of whether observations reflect a pattern rather than just chance

concepts from statistical hypothesis testing

term in statistical hypothesis testing

statistical measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon

deficiency in any one of a number of factors dooms an endeavor to failure

alternative assumption to the null hypothesis

famous randomized experiment

use of data mining to uncover patterns in data that can be presented as statistically significant

statistic used in statistical hypothesis testing

Statistical method

statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance

mathematical values with different meanings by domain

mathematical problem

quality-of-fit statistic for a model that is often used for statistical hypothesis testing;a generalization of the idea of using the sum of squares of residuals in ordinary least squares to cases where model-fitting is achieved by maximum likelihood