Steelmaking

type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals

thumb|upright=1.15|Molten slag is carried outside and poured into a dump. Caletones copper smelter in El Teniente mine, Chile. Slag is a by-product or co-product of smelting (pyrometallurgical) ores and recycled metals depending on the type of material being produced. Slag is mainly a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Broadly, it can be classified as ferrous (co-products of processing iron and steel), ferroalloy (a by-product of ferroalloy production) or non-ferrous/base metals (by-products of recovering non-ferrous materials like copper, nickel, zinc and phosphorus). Within these g

type of steel used in Middle Eastern swordmaking

steel production method

iron alloy with a high carbon content

heavy industry that deals with the production of steel

thumb|Scanning electron microscope|SEM micrograph of etched pearlite, 2000X.

historic steel producing technology

thumb|Bainite in steel with composition Fe–0.98C–1.46Si–1.89Mn–0.26Mo–1.26Cr–0.09V wt%, which was transformed at 200 °C for 15 days

furnace heated by a controlled electric arc

thumb|A modern computerised gas carburising furnace

thumb|upright=1.2|Steel mill with two [[arc furnaces]]

thumb|A bloomery in operation. The bloom will eventually be drawn out of the bottom hole.

old method of decarburizing cast iron

thumb|A worker Pickling (metal)|pickling tin in a tin factory in South Wales during World War I thumb|A worker removes tin plates from an annealing stand in a South Wales factory during World War I Tinplate consists of sheets of steel coated with a thin layer of tin to impede rusting. Before the advent of cheap mild steel, the backing metal (known as "") was wrought iron. While once more widely used, the primary use of tinplate now is the manufacture of tin cans.

right|thumb|Tin layer on the inside of a tin can Tinning is the process of thinly coating sheets of wrought iron or steel with tin, and the resulting product is known as tinplate. The term is also widely used for the different process of coating a metal with solder before soldering.

oxygen blowing with dolomite charging in steel furnace

type of steel

plant for steelmaking

metal surface treatment

metallurgical process

Decarburization (or decarbonization) is the process of decreasing carbon content, which is the opposite of carburization.

traditional Japanese furnace used for smelting iron

vessel used to transport and pour out molten metals

Forge for making wrought iron from pig iron

chemical compound

kind of steel

process in stainless steel making

type of steel production

Deoxidization is a method used in metallurgy to remove the rest of oxygen content from previously reduced iron ore during steel manufacturing. In contrast, antioxidants are used for stabilization, such as in the storage of food. Deoxidation is important in the steelmaking process as oxygen is often detrimental to the quality of steel produced. Deoxidization is mainly achieved by adding a separate chemical species to neutralize the effects of oxygen or by directly removing the oxygen.

alloy remelting and refining process

metallurgical process

for converting Iron into blast furnace grade steel by fusing it with other minerals

intermediate good, primary raw material and ore concentrate

obsolete technique for making steel by carburization of iron

rotary Kiln Recovering Method

steel making process

preheating of air blown into a blast furnace

large stationary engine directly coupled to air pumping cylinders

process for production of steel and special alloys in which electric arc is used as the heating source

top blown rotary converter for metals

semi-liquid material used in steelmaking and glassblowing

Swordmaking techniques

thumb|alt=Picture of the outlet of a tuyere|A tuyere, seen from inside a blast furnace thumb|An old tuyere in Nok, Nigeria

electric arc furnace