Stellar evolution

type of stellar remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter

emission nebula consisting of a shell of ionized gas ejected from a red giant

scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes (luminosities or brightness) versus their effective temperatures (stellar classifications or colour)

distinctive band of stars on Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams

changes to a star over its lifespan

stellar remnant; white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently that it no longer emits significant light

overview of formation and evolution of the Solar System

thumb|upright=1.4|European Southern Observatory|ESO image of hypernova [[SN 1998bw in a spiral arm of galaxy ESO 184-G82]] A hypernova is a very energetic supernova which is believed to result from an extreme core collapse scenario. In this case, a massive star (>30 solar masses) collapses to form a rotating black hole emitting twin astrophysical jets and surrounded by an accretion disk. It is a type of stellar explosion that ejects material with an unusually high kinetic energy, an order of magnitude higher than most supernovae, with a luminosity at least 10 times greater. Hypernovae release

stars powered by fusion of hydrogen and helium in shell with an inactive core of carbon and oxygen

hypothetical class of star

protoplanetary nebula

area of study in astrophysics

type of astronomical object

brief thermal runaway nuclear fusion in the core of low mass stars

process of energy release of a contracting star or planet

Red Clump Star

a red giant or other such star with a neutron star as its core

stellar classification

path taken by pre-main-sequence stars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram

type of eruptive variable star

A dredge-up is any one of several stages in the evolution of some stars. By definition, during a dredge-up, a convection zone extends all the way from the star's surface down to the layers of material that have undergone fusion. Consequently, the fusion products are mixed into the outer layers of the star's atmosphere, where they can be seen in stellar spectra.

part of a star

model of the Sun’s current state, evolution and interior

star

feature of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

Value in astrophysics

Equation in stellar astrophysics

stage in the life of an evolved star where it changes from a cool star to a hotter one before cooling again

type of giant star showing maser emissions

means of comparing the apparent magnitudes of stars at different wavelengths

violent reignition of thermonuclear fusion in a white dwarf star

repulsive force in quantum mechanics

point on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram where a star leaves the main sequence after the exhaustion of its main fuel

supernova in the NGC 5253 galaxy, first observed in 1972.

Diagram of stars in astronomy

curve on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

Construct in astrophysics