Stress (biology)

organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition or a stimulus

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine and alternatively spelled adrenalin, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. It plays an essential role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, heart output by acting on the SA node, pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals,

Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone. When used as medication, it is known as hydrocortisone.

class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Chemical structure of met-enkephalin

set of physiological feedback interactions

wear and tear on the body due to stress

Allostasis (/ˌɑːloʊˈsteɪsɪs/) is a physiological mechanism of regulation in which an organism anticipates and adjusts its energy use according to environmental demands. First proposed by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer in 1988, the concept of allostasis shifts the focus away from the body maintaining a rigid internal set-point, as in homeostasis, to the brain's ability and role to interpret environmental stress and coordinate changes in the body using neurotransmitters, hormones, and other signaling mechanisms.

response to emotional pressure suffered for a prolonged period of time in which an individual perceives they have little or no control

acute stress response in which the individual becomes immobile or paralyzed, often as a way to avoid detection or to assess the threat

phenomenon by which a close-knit community experiences a reduced rate of heart disease

overview of the effects of stress on memory

physiological response when a person wakes up