Structural geology

relative uplift of a sedimentary basin or similar structure as a result of crustal shortening

measurable surface displacement along a fault in the absence of notable earthquakes

linear zone of disturbed rock strata which comprises a combination of folding and faulting

fault where the surfaces move laterally with little vertical movement

terms used to denote the orientation of a geologic feature

thumb|Cataclasite under a petrographic microscope. The rock in part of the Malm Formation of the [[Helvetic nappes; sample found in a landslide near Engelberg in the Swiss Alps.]] thumb|Thin section image of a cataclasite in both plane polarized light (right) and crossed polarized light (left). Contact between highly fractured wall rock (right) and clast supported cataclasite (left) is outlined in red. This rock is from the [[San Andreas Fault at Elizabeth Lake, California.]] Cataclasite is a cohesive granular fault rock. Comminution, also known as cataclasis, is an important process in formin

in structural geology is a large block or mass of rock which is in the place of its original formation relative to its basement or foundation rock

thumb|349x349px|Simple model for transpression: strike-slip zone with an additional and simultaneous shortening across the zone. Also induces vertical uplift. In geology, transpression is a type of strike-slip deformation that deviates from simple shear because of a simultaneous component of shortening perpendicular to the fault plane. This movement ends up resulting in oblique shear. It is generally very unlikely that a deforming body will experience "pure" shortening or "pure" strike-slip. The relative amounts of shortening and strike-slip can be expressed in the convergence angle alpha whic

spatial and geometric configuration of all the elements that make up a rock

The Penninic nappes or the Penninicum, commonly abbreviated as Penninic, are one of three nappe stacks and geological zones in which the Alps can be divided. In the western Alps the Penninic nappes are more obviously present than in the eastern Alps (in Austria), where they crop out as a narrow band. The name Penninic is derived from the Pennine Alps, an area in which rocks from the Penninic nappes are abundant.

linear furrow in rock generated from fault movement

Archaean craton in the north-western Canadian Shield, in Northwest Territories and Nunavut

In a geological context, crenulation or crenulation cleavage is a fabric formed in metamorphic rocks such as phyllite, schist and some gneiss by two or more stress directions causing the formation of the superimposed foliations.

Transtension is the state in which a rock mass or area of the Earth's crust experiences both extensive and transtensive shear. As such, transtensional regions are characterised by both extensional structures (normal faults, grabens) and wrench structures (strike-slip faults). In general, many tectonic regimes that were previously defined as simple strike-slip shear zones are actually transtensional. It is unlikely that a deforming body will experience 'pure' extension or 'pure' strike-slip.

thumb|350px|Augen mylonite from near Røragen, Norway. This deformed megacrystic [[granite has large alkali felspar and small plagioclase feldspar porphyroclasts. Sample 18 cm x 10 cm. Many of the larger porphyroclasts have a clear σ-type geometry, consistent with top to the right shear sense.]] thumb|350px|right|A mylonite showing a number of (rotated) porphyroclasts: a clear red [[garnet left in the picture while smaller white feldspar porphyroclasts can be found all over. Location: the tectonic contact between the autochthonous Western Gneiss Region and rocks of the allochthonous Blåhø nappe

steeply sloping triangular landform created by the differential erosion of a steeply dipping, erosion-resistant layer of rock overlying softer strata.

geological formation in the European Alps

southern parts of the Eastern Alps in Central Europe

Pericline may refer to any of the following geological or mineralogical structures: A doubly plunging anticline or syncline. A form of albite exhibiting elongate prismatic crystals. Pericline twinning, a type of crystal twinning in which crystals show fine parallel twin laminae, typically found in the alkali feldspar microcline. The twinning results from a structural transformation between high temperature and low temperature forms.

In geology, a rheid is a substance whose temperature is below its melting point and whose deformation by viscous flow during the time of observation is at least three orders of magnitude (1,000×) greater than the elastic deformation under the given conditions. A material is a rheid by virtue of the time of observation. The term, coined by S. Warren Carey in 1953, has the same Greek root as rheology, the science of viscoelasticity and nonlinear flow.

degree of resistance of rocks to either erosion or deformation in terms of relative mechanical strength

fault in Highland, Scotland, UK

Rock deformation mechanism involving minerals dissolution under mechanical stress

stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions

fault caused by stretching of the Earth's crust

rift valley extending from near Montréal through Ottawa in Canada

region in the Austrian Central Eastern Alps where rocks of the underlying Penninic nappes ere exposed

tendency of a rock to split along flat planes of weakness

bands or layers that can sometimes be seen in rock that formed from magma

geological fault in Pakistan and Afghanistan

geological term

in geology, the response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress

late Mesozoic geologic complex in the California Coast Ranges

geological term associated with large displacements