Substance dependence

Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems. Some definitions require evidence of dependence and withdrawal. Problematic alcohol use has been mentioned in the earliest historical records. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated there were 283 million people with alcohol use disorders worldwide . The term alcoholism was first coined in 1852, but alcoholism and alcoholic are considered stigmatizing and likely to discourage seeking treatment, so diagnostic terms such as alcohol use disorder and alcohol dependence are often used instead in a clinical context.

need for a drug, whose discontinuation results in withdrawal symptoms

pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use

Self-medication, sometimes called do-it-yourself (DIY) medicine, is a human behavior in which an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological conditions, for example headaches or fatigue.

physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance-forming drug

mental disorder involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning

signs and symptoms due to benzodiazepines discontinuation in physically dependent persons

state of dependence upon nicotine

substance abuse disorder that involves the recurring use of opioid drugs despite negative consequences

In internal medicine, relapse or recidivism is a recurrence of a past (typically medical) condition. For example, multiple sclerosis and malaria often exhibit peaks of activity and sometimes very long periods of dormancy, followed by relapse or recrudescence.

central nervous system stimulant drug which occurs in nature as part of the coffee, tea, yerba mate and other plants

form of dependence that involves emotional

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drug dependence that involves the continued use of cannabis despite problems related to use of the substance

processes of treatment for drug dependency

drug dependence that is a psychological dependency on the regular use of cocaine

method of ending substance dependence by abrupt, complete cessation of use

substance-related disorder

medical facility

condition of suffering from a mental illness and a comorbid substance abuse problem

one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV

practice of smoking several cigarettes/cigars in succession

psychological dependence on smartphones

Withdrawal symptoms of opiates

Formication is the sensation resembling that of small insects crawling on (or under) the skin, in the absence of actual insects. It is one specific form of a set of sensations known as paresthesias, which also include the more common prickling, tingling sensation known as pins and needles. Formication is a well-documented symptom which has numerous possible causes. The word is derived from formica, the Latin word for ant.

American physician

measures to prevent the consumption and measures to health from the use of licit and illicit drug

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pharmacological concept describing subjects' increased reaction (positive or negative) to a drug following its repeated use. Not all drugs are subject to reverse tolerance

group of mental and behavioural disorders, including both substance dependence and substance abuse

drug dependence that involves the continued use of barbiturates despite problems related to use of the substance

Medical intervention to drug overdose

state of psychological dependence on a drug in the amphetamine class

human disease

a practice of visiting multiple physicians to obtain either multiple prescriptions for otherwise illegal drugs, or the medical opinion that one wants to hear

treatment for opioid addiction

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