Substitution reactions

chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another functional group

electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction

In organic chemistry, nitration is a general class of chemical processes for the introduction of a nitro group () into an organic compound. The term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters () between alcohols and nitric acid (as occurs in the synthesis of nitroglycerin). The difference between the resulting molecular structures of nitro compounds and nitrates () is that the nitrogen atom in nitro compounds is directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom (typically carbon or another nitrogen atom), whereas in nitrate esters (also called organic nitrates), the nitr

Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases.

thumb|upright=2|class=skin-invert|Decarboxylation

Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic functional group R″ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst. Strong acids catalyze the reaction by donating a proton to the carbonyl group, thus making it a more potent electrophile. Bases catalyze the reaction by removing a proton from the alcohol, thus making it more nucleophilic. The reaction can also be accomplished with the help of enzymes, particularly lipases (one example is the lipase E.C.3.1.1.3).

chemical reaction

method for the synthesis of amino acids

Chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts

chemical reaction

one of the most common methods for preparing ethers

coupling reaction

chemical reaction mechanism

chemical reaction

chemical reaction

chemical reaction

reaction that exchanges one halogen atom for another

method for producing 2-aminopyridine derivatives by the reaction of pyridine with sodium amide

Chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not always, a hydrogen atom.

chemical reaction

chemical reaction of a trivalent phosphorus ester with an alkyl halide to form a pentavalent phosphorus species and another alkyl halide

Chemical reaction in which an aromatic amine is transformed in aryl fluoride via a diazonium

organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chloride

chemical reaction

organic chemical reaction

Chemical reaction

In chemistry, solvolysis is a type of nucleophilic substitution (S1/S2) or elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. Characteristic of S1 reactions, solvolysis of a chiral reactant affords the racemate. Sometimes however, the stereochemical course is complicated by intimate ion pairs, whereby the leaving anion remains close to the carbocation, effectively shielding it from an attack by the nucleophile. Particularly fast reactions can occur by neighbour group participation, with nonclassical ions as intermediates or transition states.

in gatterman reaction(a modification of sandmeyer reaction) the catalyst cu powder in the presence of halogen acid (Hcl or Hbr)

chemical reaction

chemical reaction of esters with halide anions

chemical reaction

chemical reaction that transforms an amino-acid into a keto-amide using an acid anhydride and a base

chemical reaction

Thiolysis is a reaction with a thiol (R-SH) that cleaves one compound into two. Thiolysis involves the addition of coenzyme A to one of the products. This reaction is similar to hydrolysis, which involves water instead of a thiol. This reaction is seen in β-oxidation of fatty acids. The depolymerisation of condensed tannins with the use of benzyl mercaptan as nucleophile is also called thiolysis.

chemical reaction

an organic reaction in which a trialkyl phosphite ester reacts with a haloketone to form a dialkyl vinyl phosphate and an alkyl halide

chemical reaction

Special case of a Friedel-Crafts alkylation

chemical reaction

chemical reaction

in chemistry

Name reaction

chemical reaction

chemical reaction

chemical reaction

chemical reaction

organic reaction

name reaction

chemical reaction

palladium-catalysed substitution reaction

Chemical reaction

p-bromonitrobenzene into m-bromobenzoic acid.

chemical reaction

chemical reaction

Nitration reaction

chemical reaction

Chemical reaction

In chemistry, aminolysis (/am·i·nol·y·sis/) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule is lysed (split into two parts) by reacting with ammonia () or an amine. The case where the reaction involves ammonia may be more specifically referred to as ammonolysis.