Sufi philosophy

Iraqi sufi and poet

thumb|A Sufism|Sufi Muslim ascetic (fakir) in [[Bengal during the 1860s]]

thumb|A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul showing the position of "nafs" relative to other concepts, based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts Nafs () is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran, literally meaning "self", and has been translated as "psyche", "ego" or "soul". The term is cognate with the Hebrew word nephesh, נֶפֶשׁ. In the Quran, the word nafs is used in both the individualistic (verse 2:48) and collective sense (verse 4:1), indicating that although humanity is united in possessing the positive qualities of a nafs, they are individually res

The Unity of Being

Hurufism ( ḥurūfiyyah, Persian: حُروفیان horūfiyān) is a form of Islamic numerology based on the mysticism of letters (ḥurūf), essentially being the Islamic equivalent of gematria. It originated in the Sufi circles of Astrabad and spread to areas of western Iran (Persia), Anatolia, and the Balkans in the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

Illuminationism (Persian حكمت اشراق hekmat-e eshrāq, Arabic: حكمة الإشراق ḥikmat al-ishrāq, both meaning "Wisdom of the Rising Light"), also known as Ishrāqiyyun or simply Ishrāqi (Persian اشراق, Arabic: الإشراق, lit. "Rising", as in "Shining of the Rising Sun") is a philosophical and mystical school of thought introduced by Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi (honorific: Shaikh al-ʿIshraq or Shaikh-i-Ishraq, both meaning "Master of Illumination") in the twelfth century, established with his Kitab Hikmat al-Ishraq (lit: "Book of the Wisdom of Illumination"), a fundamental text finished in 1186. Written w

thumb|Muhammad ibn Muhammad Shakir Ruzmah-'i Nathani - A Soul Symbolized as an Angel Rūḥ or The Spirit (, al-rūḥ) is mentioned twenty one times in the Quran, where it is described as issuing from command of God. The spirit acts as an agent of divine action or communication.

A sālik is a follower of Sufism, from the verb salaka which means to travel or follow, related to sulūk "pathway". Sulūk here specifically refers to a spiritual path, i.e. the combination of the two "paths" that can be followed in religion, the exoteric path or shariah, and the esoteric path or haqiqa. The "path" metaphor is derived from the Qur'an: see sura 16, (An-Nahl, The Bees), ayat 69: faslukī subula rabbiki dhululan "and follow the ways of your Lord made easy [for you]", which uses the imperative of the verb salaka which means to follow or to travel.

thumb|The outside of a Zawiya (institution)|zawiya, a place where Sufis would conduct their sessions which was usually in a private section of a [[mosque]]

In Sufism, maʿrifa ("experiential knowledge" or "gnosis") is the mystical understanding of God or Divine Reality. It has been described as an immediate recognition and understanding of the true nature of things as they are. Ma'rifa encompasses a deep understanding of the ultimate Truth, which is essentially God, and extends to the comprehension of all things in their connection to God. Sufi mystics attain maʿrifa by embarking on a spiritual journey, typically consisting of various stages referred to as "stations" and "states." In the state of ma'rifa, the mystic transcends the temptations of t

Haqiqa (Arabic "truth") is one of "the four stages" in Sufism, (exoteric path), (esoteric path), (mystical truth) and (final mystical knowledge, unio mystica).

Baqaa () is a term in Sufi philosophy which describes a particular state of life with God in Islam; through God, in God, and for God. The related term , literally "land of baqāʾ", is a term for Heaven. It is the summit of the mystical manazil, destination or abode. Baqaa comprises three degrees, each one referring to a particular aspect of theophanies as the principle of existence and its qualitative evolution, consisting of faith, knowledge, and grace. It is the stage where the seeker finally gets ready for the constant vision of God. Hence, it can be termed as Divine Eternity.

spiritual state in Sufi path

The Laṭāʾif () are special organs of spiritual and psycho-physiological functioning in Sufi psychology.

Yaqeen () is generally translated as "certainty", and is considered the summit of the many stations by which the path of walaya (sometimes translated as Sainthood) is fully completed. This is the repository of liberating experience in Islam. In relation to the exoteric religious life, certainty is the sister of religious life in its perfection (ehsân), that is, to say the adoration of Allah according to the visionary way; through this channel it is the pillar of Islam in the accomplishment of its external practices, as it is the foundation of faith (iman) in its internal dogma. It is, in fact,

divine light in Sufism

Nurism ( or Nur Cemaati) is an Islamic movement that was founded in Turkey in the early 20th century and based on the writings of Said Nursi (1877–1960). He emphasized the importance of salvation in both this life and the afterlife through education and freedom, the synthesis of Islam and science, and democracy as the best form of governance within the rule of law.

' or ' is a Sufi term for the religious ecstasy induced by dhikr (the remembrance of God) or by means of sama, listening to the measured recitation, signing or chanting of spiritual verses or poetry.

thumb|A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul showing the position of "'qalb" relative to other concepts based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts. In Islamic philosophy, the qalb () or heart is the center of the human personality. The Quran mentions "qalb" 132 times and its root meaning suggests that the heart is always in a state of motion and transformation. According to the Quran and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad, the heart plays a central role in human existence, serving as the source of good and evil, right and wrong. In Islam, God is more concer

concept in Sufism

'''''' () is an Arabic-Islamic term alluding to , meaning 'sanctification' or 'purification of the self'. This refers to the process of transforming the (carnal self or desires) from its state of self-centrality through various spiritual stages towards the level of purity and submission to the will of God. Its basis is in learning the shariah (Islamic religious law) and deeds from the known authentic (traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) and applying these to one's own life, resulting in spiritual awareness of God (being constantly aware of his presence, knowledge omniscie

Indian Sufi scholar and poet

Philosophy in Sufism

part of Sufi Islamic philosophy

Tanzīl (), inzāl (), and nuzūl (), and other words based on the Arabic triconsonantal root (, 'downward movement'), refers to the Islamic belief in the descent of God's message from heaven to Earth as speech, and sometimes visual, revelations to the Islamic prophet Muhammad with Gabriel as the conveyor, and occasionally God Himself.

Islamic and Sufi concept

Sufi approach to cosmology

in India, Pakistan, and Iran, a type of religious intoxication