Superfluidity

Soviet theoretical physicist (1908–1968)

Soviet physicist

British physicist (1938–2026)

thumb|right|Helium#Helium II|Helium II will "creep" along surfaces in order to find its own level—after a short while, the levels in the two containers will equalize. The [[Rollin film also covers the interior of the larger container; if it were not sealed, the helium II would creep out and escape.]] thumb|right|The liquid helium is in the superfluid phase. A thin invisible film creeps up the inside wall of the bowl and down on the outside. A drop forms. It will fall off into the liquid helium below. This will repeat until the cup is empty—provided the liquid remains superfluid.

American physicist

Soviet mathematician and theoretical physicist (1909-1992)

phase of hydrogen

thumb|alt=The nucleus is depicted by two red circles with inscribed plus symbols and one purple circle with no inscription. Around the nucleus there is a black ring - a symbol of an electron shell. On it are two teal circles with inscribed minus symbols, depicting electrons.|Diagram of a Helium-3 atom Helium-3 (3He see also helion) is a light, stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron (in contrast to the more common isotope, helium-4, which has two protons and two neutrons.) Helium-3 and hydrogen-1 are the only stable nuclides with more protons than neutrons. It was discovered

liquid state of the element helium

fluid fully characterized by its density and isotropic pressure

non-classical state of matter

university teacher at Leiden University (1919–2021)

fluid/superfluid transition point of helium

thumb|Roton dispersion relation, showing the quasiparticle energy E(p) as a function of momentum p. A quasiparticle with momentum generated in the local energy minimum is called a roton. In theoretical physics, a roton is an elementary excitation, or quasiparticle, seen in superfluid helium-4 and Bose–Einstein condensates with long-range dipolar interactions or spin-orbit coupling. The dispersion relation of elementary excitations in this superfluid shows a linear increase from the origin, but exhibits first a maximum and then a minimum in energy as the momentum increases. Excitations with mom

flow of fluids with zero viscosity (superfluids)

describes the ground state of a quantum system of identical bosons using the Hartree–Fock approximation and the pseudopotential interaction model

quantum mechanical phenomenon in which heat transfer occurs by wave-like motion

quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity

superfluid form of the helium-4 isotope

concept in quantum physics

REDIRECT Supersolid#Superglass

Canadian physicist (1908–2001)

phenomenon in quark matter where matter carries color charge without loss

theory of fundamental physics