Surgery

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (e.g., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass), to reconstruct or alter aesthetics and appearance (cosmetic surgery), or to remove unwanted tissues, neoplasms and foreign bodies.

Amputation is the removal of a limb or other body part by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands. In some countries, judicial amputation is currently used to punish people who commit crimes. Amputation has also been used as a tactic in war and acts of terr

medical device used to hold issues together after a break up

facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out

thumb|Hand scrubbing procedure for surgery Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites). There are two categories of asepsis: medical and surgical. The modern day notion of asepsis is derived from the older antiseptic techniques, a shift initiated by different individuals in the 19th century who introduced practices such as the sterilizing of surgical tools and the wearing of surgical gloves during operations. The goal of asepsis is to eliminate infection, not to achieve sterility. Ideally, an op

thumb|right|Vein skeleton of a Hydrangea leaf showing anastomoses of veins

robotic surgical system

Cauterization (or cauterisation, or cautery) is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body to remove or close off a part of it. It destroys some tissue in an attempt to mitigate bleeding and damage, remove an undesired growth, or minimize other potential medical harm, such as infections when antibiotics are unavailable.

an opening in the body that can be permanent or temporary

thumb|200px|A cystocele protruding through the vagina in a 73-year-old woman A cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina. Some may have no symptoms. Others may have trouble starting urination, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination. Complications may include recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary retention. Cystocele and a prolapsed urethra often occur together and is called a cystourethrocele. Cystocele can negatively affect quality of life.

Microsurgery is a general term for surgery requiring an operating microscope. The most obvious developments have been procedures developed to allow anastomosis of successively smaller blood vessels and nerves (typically 1 mm in diameter) which have allowed transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another and re-attachment of severed parts. Microsurgical techniques are utilized by several specialties today, such as general surgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, gynecological surgery, otolaryngology, neurosurgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontic microsurgery, plastic

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An ulcer is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ. According to Robbins's pathology, "ulcer is the breach of the continuity of skin, epithelium or mucous membrane caused by sloughing out of inflamed necrotic tissue." Common forms of ulcers recognized in medicine include: Ulcer (dermatology), a discontinuity of the skin or a break in the skin. Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores Genital ulcer, an ulcer located on the genital area Ulcerative dermatitis, a skin disorder associated with bacterial growth often initiated by self-trau

use of surgery to restore the form and function of the body

the body laid supine, or flat on the back with the feet higher than the head by 15-30 degrees.

Embolization refers to the passage and lodging of an embolus within the bloodstream. It may be of natural origin (pathological), in which sense it is also called embolism, for example a pulmonary embolism; or it may be artificially induced (therapeutic), as a hemostatic treatment for bleeding or as a treatment for some types of cancer by deliberately blocking blood vessels to starve the tumor cells.

In medicine, prolapse is a condition in which organs fall down or slip out of place. It is used for organs protruding through the vagina, rectum, or for the misalignment of the valves of the heart. A spinal disc herniation is also sometimes called "disc prolapse". Prolapse means "to fall out of place", from the Latin '''' meaning "to fall out".

medical treatment that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve.

type of surgery that uses a laser

wound ruptures along a surgical incision

thumb|Oakum and tools for caulking thumb|Hemp thumb|Prisoners picking oakum at Coldbath Fields Prison in London

growing branch of maternal-fetal medicine

surgical specialty dealing in the investigation, preservation and restoration by medical, surgical and rehabilitative means of all structures of the upper extremity directly affecting the form and function of the hand and wrist

Electrosurgery is the application of a high-frequency (radio frequency) alternating polarity, electrical current to biological tissue as a means to cut, coagulate, desiccate, or fulgurate tissue. (These terms are used in specific ways for this methodology—see below.) Its benefits include the ability to make precise cuts with limited blood loss. Electrosurgical devices are frequently used during surgical operations helping to prevent blood loss in hospital operating rooms or in outpatient procedures.

aspect of history

non-invasive surgery performed without transfusion of allogeneic blood, developed by Adolf Lorenz

form of surgery which is used in cases of severe trauma

act of cutting the skin for the purpose of surgery

surgical procedure

surgical procedure that is planned in advance

surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay

thumb|The phenomenon of vessel restenosis, an immune response to damaged tissue, is known to be a common adverse event and the Achilles heel of angioplasty and stenting. Reducing restenosis is one of the highest priorities in research and the development of new endovascular technologies. Restenosis rates of drug-eluting stents appear to be significantly lower than bare-metal stents, and research is underway to determine if drug-coated balloons also improve restenosis outcomes.Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis, a narrowing of a blood vessel, leading to restricted blood flow. Restenosis u

medical product used in surgery

thumb|Mini-laparotomy revealed gossypiboma (grasped by the clamp). thumb|Surgical specimen (gossypiboma). Gossypiboma, textiloma or more broadly Retained Foreign Object (RFO) is the technical term for surgical complications resulting from foreign materials, such as a surgical sponge, accidentally left inside a patient's body.

type of autologous blood transfusion

Self-surgery is the act of performing a surgical procedure on oneself. It can be an act taken in extreme circumstances out of necessity, an attempt to avoid embarrassment, legal action, or financial costs, or a rare manifestation of a psychological disorder.

surgical subspecialty

faked surgical intervention

fasting before a surgical procedure to reduce stomach content in order to prevent regurgitation

prevention of infection complications using antimicrobial therapy

thumb|Immunosurgery of a blastocyst. Antibodies are added that attach to the outermost layer of cells, which on a blastocyst is the [[trophoblast. After removing any unbound antibodies and adding complement, the trophoblast cells are destroyed, leaving only the inner cell mass.]] Immunosurgery is a method of selectively removing the external cell layer (trophoblast) of a blastocyst through a cytotoxicity procedure. The protocol for immunosurgery includes preincubation with an antiserum, rinsing it with embryonic stem cell derivation media to remove the antibodies, exposing it to complement, an

set of medical practices

medical tool for measuring risk of perioperative cardiac complications

placement of a patient in particular physical position during surgery

surgery carried out in which diseased tissue or lymph nodes are removed from a diseased organ

temporary abdominal fascia prosthesis

using surgery in the field of reproductive medicine

medical technology

optical microscope used in surgery

period immediately before, during and following a surgical operation