Syntactic relationships

omission from a clause of one or more words that are nevertheless understood in the context of the remaining elements

study of the order of the syntactic constituents of a language, and how different languages can employ different orders

In logic, a reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. It is called a name for the second object. The next object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the referent of the first object. A name is usually a phrase or expression, or some other symbolic representation. Its referent may be anything – a material object, a person, an event, an activity, or an abstract concept.

linguistic concept; change of the form of a word depending on the other words to which it relates

the number of arguments controlled by a predicate

type of expression whose reference depends upon another referential element

in linguistics, relationship between word and its dependents

in generative grammar, the theory of syntactic category formation that ① phrases may contain intermediate constituents projected from a head X; and that ② this system of projected constituency may be common to more than one category (e.g. N, V, A, P)

concept in grammar

complex syntactic structure that links together two or more element

principle of the hierarchical organization of linguistic units

In linguistics, coreference, sometimes written co-reference, occurs when two or more expressions refer to the same person or thing; they have the same referent. For example, in Bill said Alice would arrive soon, and she did, the words Alice and she refer to the same person.

theory of syntax and a phrase structure grammar in the tradition of transformational grammar developed principally by Noam Chomsky in the 1980s

set of grammatical rules of a particular language, governing the agreement between the tenses of verbs in related clauses or sentences

In generative grammar and related frameworks, a node in a parse tree c-commands its sister node and all of its sister's descendants. In these frameworks, c-command plays a central role in defining and constraining operations such as syntactic movement, binding, and scope. Tanya Reinhart introduced c-command in 1976 as a key component of her theory of anaphora. The term is short for "constituent command".

linguistic phenomenon in which anaphoric elements such as pronouns are grammatically associated with their antecedents

In linguistics, wh-movement (also known as wh-fronting, wh-extraction, or wh-raising) is the formation of syntactic dependencies involving interrogative words. An example in English is the dependency formed between what and the object position of doing in "What are you doing?". Interrogative forms are sometimes known within English linguistics as wh-words, such as what, when, where, who, and why, but also include other interrogative words, such as how. This dependency has been used as a diagnostic tool in syntactic studies as it can be observed to interact with other grammatical constraints.

syntactic function of words in a sentence

rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax, used to break down a natural language sentence into its syntactic categories (both lexical and phrasal); used in transformational grammar; first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957

In linguistic typology, time–manner–place is a sentence structure that defines the order of adpositional phrases and adverbs in a sentence: "yesterday", "by car", "to the store". Japanese, Afrikaans, Dutch, Mandarin, and German use this structure.

concept in pronoun-noun agreement

In generative grammar and related frameworks, m-command is a syntactic relation between two nodes in a syntactic tree. A node X m-commands a node Y if the maximal projection of X dominates Y, but neither X nor Y dominates the other.