Synthetic fuel technologies

Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is a chemical compound with the formula and structure . It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to impurities such as divinyl sulfide and phosphine.

thumb| Steps in the hydrogenation of a C=C double bond at a catalyst surface, for example Ni or Pt : (1) The reactants are Adsorption|adsorbed on the catalyst surface and H2 dissociates. (2) An H atom bonds to one C atom. The other C atom is still attached to the surface. (3) A second C atom bonds to an H atom. The molecule leaves the surface.

Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios. The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane. It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol. Syngas is combustible and can be used as a fuel. Historically, it has been used as a replacement for gasoline when gasoline supply has been limited; for example, wood gas was used to power cars in Europe during WWII (in Germany alone, half a million cars were built or rebuilt to run on wood gas).

chemical reactions that convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons

fuel

Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: dinitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), dihydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (). This is achieved by reacting the feedstock material at high temperatures (typically >700 °C), without combustion, via controlling the amount of oxygen and/or steam present in the reaction. The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel due to the flammability of the H2 and CO of which the gas is largely composed. Power

combustible in gas form

acetylene-burning lamps

methanation process of carbon dioxide with hydrogen

mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen

syngas fuel created by gasification of biomass

gasmixture as by-product of steelworks

conversion of natural gas to liquid petroleum products

method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel

process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons

artificial illuminating gas similar to propane

type of biofuel

synthesis of fuel from biomass

Type of fuel gas

cheap form of Coal gas

automatic controlled acetylene gas lighthouse

aspect of history