Talmud concepts and terminology

universal moral laws incumbent upon humanity in the Jewish tradition

Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony performed by a mohel on the eighth day of a male infant's life

thumb|Joseph (Genesis)|Joseph interprets Pharaoh's Dream (Genesis 41:15–41). Of the biblical figures in Judaism, Joseph is customarily called the Tzadik.

Chazal or Ḥazal () are the Jewish sages of the Mishnaic and Talmudic eras, spanning from the final 300 years of the Second Temple period until the 7th century, or . Their authority was mostly in the field of Halakha (Jewish law) and less regarding Jewish theology.

Jewish divorce document

person whose sex is unknown in Jewish culture

Afikoman or Afikomen (Mishnaic Hebrew: אֲפִיקִימוֹן ʾăpîqîmôn; Modern pronunciation: אֲפִיקוֹמָן ʾăpîqômān) based on Greek epikomon [ἐπὶ κῶμον] or epikomion [ἐπικώμιον], meaning "that which comes after" or "dessert"), a word originally having the connotation of "refreshments eaten after the meal", is now almost strictly associated with the half-piece of matzo which is broken in two during the early stages of the Passover Seder and set aside to be eaten as a dessert after the meal.

Pilpul (, loosely meaning 'sharp analysis'; ) is a method of studying the Talmud through intense textual analysis in attempts to either explain conceptual differences between various halakhic rulings or to reconcile any apparent contradictions presented from various readings of different texts. The word pilpul has entered English as a colloquialism used by some to indicate extreme disputation or casuistic hairsplitting.

In Judaism, yetzer hara is the congenital inclination to do evil

In Jewish tradition, the term androgynos () refers to someone who possesses both male and female sexual characteristics. Due to the ambiguous nature of the individual's sex, Rabbinic literature discusses the sex of the individual and the legal ramifications that result based on potential sex classifications. In traditionally observant Judaism, sex plays a central role in legal obligations.

decoration drawn over some Hebrew letters in Jewish scrolls

non-Jew living in the Land of Israel who agrees to be bound by the Seven Laws of Noah

thumb Hakhel () is a biblical commandment to assemble all Israelite men, women and children and converts, to hear the reading of the Torah by the king of Israel once every seven years to strengthen their fear of God.

Epikoros (or apikoros or apikores; , pl. epikorsim; ) is a Jewish term figuratively meaning "a heretic", cited in the Mishnah, that refers to an individual who does not have a share in the World to Come:

foodstuff gifts distributed on the Jewish holiday of Purim