Category
page 1Targums

targum
thumb|275px|11th century Hebrew Bible with targum, perhaps from Tunisia, found in [[Iraq: part of the Schøyen Collection]]
A targum (, interpretation, translation, version; plural: targumim) was an originally spoken translation of the Hebrew Bible (also called the ) that a professional translator ( mǝṯurgǝmān) would give in the common language of the listeners when that was not Biblical Hebrew. This had become necessary near the end of the first century BCE, as the common language was Aramaic, while Hebrew was used for little more than schooling and worship. The translator frequently expanded
Mikraot Gedolot
edition of the Tanakh with the classic Jewish commentaries
Targum Onkelos
aramaic translation of the Five Books of Moses
Targum Jonathan
2nd-cent. Aramaic Nevi'im translation
Targum Sheni
Aramaic elaboration of Esther
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
Western targum of the Torah
Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum
Jewish religious practice
Binding and loosing
phrase from the Targum and New Testament