Taxa described in 1865

The Pitheciidae () are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. Formerly, they were included in the family Atelidae. The family includes the titis, saki monkeys and uakaris. Most species are native to the Amazon region of Brazil, with some being found from Colombia in the north to Bolivia in the south.

species of fish

Cyrestinae is a small subfamily of nymphalid brush-footed butterflies. It is considered to include only three genera – Marpesia, Chersonesia, and Cyrestis – distributed in the tropics.

Elodina is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae. It is the only genus of the tribe Elodinini. It contains about 30 species.

Smutsia ("Smuts's animal") or African ground pangolin is a genus of pangolins from subfamily Smutsiinae within family Manidae. It was formerly considered a subgenus of genus Manis. Its members are the more terrestrial of the African pangolins. In the past, this genus was also present in Europe.

Chamaelimnas is a Neotropical metalmark butterfly genus.

Xenandra is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present in the Neotropical realm.

Octolepis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Thymelaeaceae.

Aglauropsis is a genus of marine hydrozoans in the family Olindiidae.

Naetrocymbe is a genus of about 20 species of fungi belonging to the family Naetrocymbaceae. These fungi typically live embedded in the bark of smooth-trunked trees and are barely visible except for tiny dark dots that contain their spores. Most species function primarily as bark-dwelling fungi, with only some forming casual partnerships with algae to create lichens. The genus was established in 1865 by Gustav Wilhelm Körber, with the name derived from Greek words meaning 'spindle' and 'boat' in reference to the characteristic spore shape. These fungi reproduce through flask-shaped structures

Combretocarpus is a monotypic genus of tree in the Anisophylleaceae family. The generic name '' is from the Greek, referring to the resemblance of its fruit to that of the genus Combretum. The Plant List recognises the single species Combretocarpus rotundatus''.

Tremotylium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1865, but it was not published validly. He validated the genus and assigned T. angolense as the type species in 1868.

Callispini is a tribe of mostly African and Asian leaf beetles within the subfamily Cassidinae; it was erected by Félicien Chapuis in 1875.

Rhagadostoma is a genus of fungi in the family Nitschkiaceae. All species in the genus are lichenicolous, meaning they live parasitically on lichens.

Gallaba is a genus of moths in the family Notodontidae found in Australia.

Tartessus is the type genus of Asian leafhoppers in the tribe Tartessini and subfamily Tartessinae; it was erected by Carl Stål in 1865.

Leciophysma is a genus of cyanolichens in the family Pannariaceae. It has four species. The genus was circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1865, with Leciophysma finmarkicum assigned as the type species.

Pyrenidium is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It is the only genus in the family Pyrenidiaceae. It has 13 species.

Solenostoma is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Solenostomataceae.