Taxation in Islam

'''''' (, ), is a type of taxation levied on non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law. The Quran and hadiths mention jizya without specifying its rate or amount, and the application of jizya varied in the course of Islamic history. However, scholars largely agree that early Muslim rulers adapted some of the existing systems of taxation and modified them according to Islamic religious law.

Kharāj (; ) is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its produce, regardless of the religion of the owners, developed under Islamic law.

In Islam, khums ( ) is a tax on Muslims which obligates them to pay one-fifth (20%) of their acquired wealth from the spoils of war and, according to most Muslim jurists, other specified types of income, towards various designated beneficiaries. In Islamic legal terminology, "spoils of war" (al-ghanima) refers to property and wealth looted by the Muslim army after battling with non-Muslims or raiding them. Khums is the first Islamic tax, which was imposed in 2 AH/624 CE, after the Battle of Badr. It is separate from other Islamic taxes such as zakat and jizya. It is treated differently in Sunn

An iqta () and occasionally iqtaʿa () was an Islamic practice of farming out tax revenues yielded by land granted temporarily to army officials in place of a regular wage; it became common in the Muslim empire of the Caliphate. Iqta has been defined in Nizam-al-Mulk's Siyasatnama. Administrators of an Iqta were known as muqti or wali. They collected land revenue and looked after general administration. Muqtis (, "holder of an iqtaʿ") had no right to interfere with the personal life of a paying person if the person stayed on the muqtiʿ's land. They were expected to send the collected revenue (a

Al-Kaffarah is a term in Islamic law meaning the expiation of sin, or more specifically “to compensate for commissioning a sinful act or what is paid to redress an imbalance that is a kind of penalty or punishment.” Examples of sinful acts include violating Ramadan fasting, violating ihram restrictions in Hajj, consciously hurting a person or animal. Examples of expiation of them include fasting for two consecutive months, freeing a Muslim slave, paying for food to feed 60 poor people, slaughtering a goat.

taxes sanctioned by Islamic law