Tectonics

Vaalbara is a hypothetical Archean supercontinent consisting of the Kaapvaal craton (in present-day eastern South Africa) and the Pilbara Craton (in present-day north-western Western Australia). E. S. Cheney derived the name from the last four letters of each craton's name. The two cratons consist of continental crust dating from 3.6 to 2.7 Ga; this timing would make Vaalbara one of Earth's earliest supercontinents.

structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt

Neotectonics, a subdiscipline of tectonics, is the study of the motions and deformations of Earth's crust (geological and geomorphological processes) that are current or recent in geologic time. The term may also refer to the motions/deformations in question themselves. Geologists refer to the corresponding time-frame as the neotectonic period, and to the preceding time as the palaeotectonic period.

thumb|Illustration of the shadow zone of a P-wave for Earth. [[S-waves don't penetrate the outer core]] A marsquake is a quake which, much like an earthquake, is a shaking of the surface or interior of the planet Mars. Such quakes may occur with a shift in the planet's interior, such as the result of plate tectonics, from which most quakes on Earth originate, or possibly from hotspots such as Olympus Mons or the Tharsis Montes. The detection and analysis of marsquakes are informative to probing the interior structure of Mars, as well as potentially identifying whether any of Mars's many volcan

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Tectonophysics, a branch of geophysics, is the study of the physical processes that underlie tectonic deformation. This includes measurement or calculation of the stress- and strain fields on Earth’s surface and the rheologies of the crust, mantle, lithosphere and asthenosphere.

study of salt-controlled structures (like salt domes), mechanisms, and tectonic deformation involving salt or other evaporates

breccia formed by tectonic forces

geologicial processes associated with the stretching of a planetary body's crust

oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, located west of Luzon and Mindoro in the Philippines, with maximal depth of 5400 m

relative uplift of a sedimentary basin or similar structure as a result of crustal shortening

Seismotectonics is the study of the relationship between the earthquakes, active tectonics and individual faults of a region. It seeks to understand which faults are responsible for seismic activity in an area by analysing a combination of regional tectonics, recent instrumentally recorded events, accounts of historical earthquakes and geomorphological evidence. This information can then be used to quantify the seismic hazard of an area.

fault where the surfaces move laterally with little vertical movement

structural basin where two overlapping faults or a fault bend creates an area of crustal extension which causes the basin to subside

small grain size infilling material in fault mainly consisting of clay minerals

Geological event leading to deep crust exhumation

seismic zone (geology)

type of volcanic arc occurring along a continental margin

geological fault in Pakistan and Afghanistan

term in Geology

thumb|Fig. 1 Imbricate fan in a thrust system with a basal décollement. The section below the décollement is undeformed basement rock. Above the décollement, deformation has occurred due to compression. A series of branching faults terminating at depth.

region where tectonic plates meet at a convergent boundary