Terrestrial locomotion

thumb|Dallas Marathon runners in 2024 thumb|Video of human running action

thumb|A roe deer jumping, [[Wadden Sea National Parks]]

thumb|upright=1.2|An ostrich, the co-fastest extant biped at

In terrestrial vertebrates, digitigrade ( ) locomotion is walking or running on the toes (from the Latin digitus, 'finger', and gradior, 'walk'). A digitigrade animal is one that stands or walks with its toes (phalanges) on the ground, and the rest of its foot lifted. Digitigrades include birds (what many see as bird's knees are actually ankles), cats, dogs, and many other mammals, but not plantigrades (such as humans) or unguligrades (such as horses). Digitigrades generally move more quickly than other animals.

thumb|Comparison of lower limb structure. From left to right: plantigrade, digitigrade and unguligrade. In red the basipod, in violet the metapodia, in yellow the phalanges, in brown the keratin nails. In terrestrial animals, plantigrade locomotion means walking with the toes and metatarsals flat on the ground. It is one of three forms of locomotion adopted by terrestrial mammals. The other options are digitigrade, walking on the toes and fingers with the heel and wrist permanently raised, and unguligrade, walking on the nail or nails of the toes (the hoof) with the heel/wrist and the digits p

Petrolacosaurus ("rock lake lizard") is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile from the late Carboniferous period. It was a small, long reptile, and one of the earliest known reptiles with two temporal fenestrae. This means that it was near the base of Diapsida (it may have been the basal taxon), the largest and most successful radiation of reptiles that would eventually include all modern reptile groups, as well as dinosaurs (which survived to the modern day as birds) and other famous extinct reptiles such as plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, and pterosaurs. However, Petrolacosaurus itself was part of

thumb|The zebra is a quadruped.

right|thumb|Elephant walking.

moving along the ground on hands and knees

alt=Juvenile Springbok stotting in Etosha National Park|thumb|upright=1.2|Juvenile Springbok stotting in [[Etosha National Park ]] Stotting (also called pronking or pronging) is a behavior of quadrupeds, particularly gazelles, in which they spring into the air, lifting all four feet off the ground simultaneously. Usually, the legs are held in a relatively stiff position. Many explanations of stotting have been proposed, though for several of them there is little evidence either for or against.

locomotion achieved through the movement of human limbs

determination of the level of functional limitation to set down to pathology, and evaluating rehabilitative intervention of the way in which the body moves

locomotion on land

phenomenon and topic of discourse in evolutionary biology and biomechanics

Akidolestes is an extinct genus of mammals of the family Spalacotheriidae, a group of mammals related to therians (the subclass containing marsupials and placentals).

Traveling in a vertically inverted orientation with all body weight resting on the hands

evolutionary hypothesis

thumb|Sidewinding in a newborn sidewinder rattlesnake. Yellow regions are lifted above the sand and in motion at the time of the photo, while green regions are in static contact with the sand. Blue denotes tracks. Scale imprints are visible in the tracks, showing that the snake's body is static during ground contact. thumb|right|Tracks of a sidewinder in the sand

A uniped (from Latin uni- "one" and ped- "foot") is a person or creature with only one foot and one leg, as contrasted with a biped (two legs) and a quadruped (four legs). Moving using only one leg is known as unipedal movement. Many bivalvia and nearly all gastropoda molluscs have evolved only one foot. Through accidents (i.e. amputation) or birth abnormalities it is also possible for an animal, including humans, to end up with only a single leg.

Tripedalism (from the Latin tri = three + ped = foot) is locomotion by the use of three limbs. Real-world tripedalism is rare, in contrast to the common bipedalism of two-legged animals and quadrupedalism of four-legged animals. Bilateral symmetry seems to have become entrenched very early in evolution, appearing even before appendages like legs, fins or flippers had evolved.