Terrestrial planets

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is made possible by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of continental landmasses within Earth's land hemisphere. Most of Earth's land is at least somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large ice sheets at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than Earth

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is also known as the "Red Planet", for its orange-red appearance. Mars is a desert-like rocky planet with a tenuous atmosphere that is primarily carbon dioxide (). At the average surface level the atmospheric pressure is a few thousandths of Earth's, atmospheric temperature ranges from , and cosmic radiation is high. Mars retains some water, in the ground as well as thinly in the atmosphere, forming cirrus clouds, fog, frost, larger polar regions of permafrost and ice caps (with seasonal snow), but no bodies of liquid surface water. Its surface gravit

Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Similar in size and mass to Earth, Venus has no liquid water, and its atmosphere is far thicker and denser than that of any other rocky body in the Solar System. The atmosphere is composed mostly of carbon dioxide and has a thick cloud layer of sulfuric acid that spans the whole planet. At the mean surface level, the atmosphere reaches a temperature of and a pressure 92 times greater than Earth's at sea level, turning the lowest layer of the atmosphere into a supercritical fluid. From Earth, Venus is visible as a star-like point of light, appearing brig

first planet from the Solar System and smallest among all, tellurian and with extreme temperatures

planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun, i.e. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

Kepler-452b (sometimes quoted to be an Earth 2.0 or ''Earth's Cousin based on its characteristics; also known by its Kepler object of interest designation KOI-7016.01'') is a super-Earth exoplanet orbiting within the inner edge of the habitable zone of the sun-like star Kepler-452 and is the only planet in the system discovered by the Kepler space telescope. It is located about from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus.

thumb|upright=1.75|right|Illustration of the inferred size of the super-Earth CoRoT-7b (center) in comparison with [[Earth and Neptune]] A super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17.1 times Earth's mass respectively. The term "super-Earth" refers only to the mass of the planet, and so does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability. The alternative term "gas dwarfs" may be more accurate for those at the higher end of the mass scale, although "m

extrasolar planet

hypothetical type of planet whose surface is completely covered with an ocean of water with potential signs of life; in fiction see Q98807723

CoRoT-7b (previously named CoRoT-Exo-7b) is an exoplanet orbiting the star CoRoT-7 in the constellation of Monoceros, from the Earth. It was first detected photometrically by the French-led CoRoT mission and reported in February 2009. Until the announcement of Kepler-10b in January 2011, it was the smallest exoplanet to have its diameter measured, at 1.58 times that of the Earth (which would give it a volume about 3.94 times Earth's) and the first potential extrasolar terrestrial planet to be found. The exoplanet has a very short orbital period, revolving around its host star in about 20 hours

2nd exoplanet of PSR 1257+12 system

extrasolar terrestrial planet

extrasolar planet

Kepler-10b is the first confirmed terrestrial planet to have been discovered outside the Solar System by the Kepler Space Telescope. Discovered after several months of data collection during the course of the NASA-directed Kepler Mission, which aims to discover Earth-like planets crossing in front of their host stars, the planet's discovery was announced on January 10, 2011. Kepler-10b has a mass of 3.72±0.42 Earth masses and a radius of 1.47 Earth radii. However, it lies extremely close to its star, Kepler-10, and as a result is too hot to support life as we know it. Its existence was confirm

OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb (known sometimes as Hoth by NASA) is a super-Earth ice exoplanet orbiting OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, a star from Earth near the center of the Milky Way, making it one of the most distant planets known. On January 25, 2006, Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork/Robotic Telescope Network (PLANET/Robonet), Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), and Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) made a joint announcement of the discovery. The planet does not appear to meet conditions presumed necessary to support life.

exoplanet

Kepler-37b is an exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-37 in the constellation Lyra. , it is the smallest planet discovered around a main-sequence star, with a radius slightly greater than that of the Moon and slightly smaller than that of Mercury. The measurements do not constrain its mass, but masses above a few times that of the Moon give unphysically high densities.

1st exoplanet in PSR 1257+12 system

extrasolar terrestrial planet

rocky planet with very little water

planetary type

3rd exoplanet of PSR 1257+12 system

MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb, occasionally shortened to MOA-192 b, is an extrasolar planet approximately 7,000 light-years away in the constellation of Sagittarius. The planet was discovered orbiting the low-mass star MOA-2007-BLG-192L. It was found when it caused a gravitational microlensing event on May 24, 2007, which was detected as part of the MOA-II microlensing survey at the Mount John University Observatory in New Zealand.

upright=1.5|thumb|Size comparison of Earth and Neptune with the mega-Earth TOI-1853 b (center), a very dense Neptune-sized [[exoplanet believed to be nearly entirely made of solid rock, metal, and water.]]

type of planet with a surface primarily covered in molten lava

Kepler-78b (formerly known as KIC 8435766 b) is an exoplanet orbiting around the star Kepler-78. At the time of its discovery, it was the exoplanet most similar to Earth in terms of mass, radius, and mean density.

thumb|300px|Comparing the size of Earth, [[Mars, and exoplanets of Kepler-20 and Kepler-42]]

Kepler-37c is an exoplanet discovered by the Kepler space telescope in February 2013. With an orbital period of 21 days, it is located 209 light-years away, in the constellation Lyra.

extrasolar planet

extrasolar planet

extrasolar planet

__NOTOC__

extrasolar planet

extrasolar planet

extrasolar planet

OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb is an extrasolar planet located about 22,000 light-years from Earth, in the galactic bulge, orbiting the 0.57 star OGLE-2016-BLG-1195L, discovered in 2017. The planet was detected using gravitational microlensing techniques managed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute and the Spitzer Space Telescope. Initially, it was believed the planet has a mass similar to Earth and is located about the same distance from its host star as the Earth is from the Sun, although it was expected to be much colder.

K2-288Bb (previously designated EPIC 210693462 b) is a super-Earth or mini-Neptune exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone of K2-288B, a low-mass M-dwarf star in a binary star system in the constellation of Taurus about 226 light-years from Earth. It was discovered by citizen scientists while analysing data from the Kepler space telescope's K2 mission, and was announced on 7 January 2019. K2-288 is the third transiting planet system identified by the Exoplanet Explorers program, after the six planets of K2-138 and the three planets of K2-233.

exoplanet

extrasolar planet

Kepler-68c is an Earth-sized planet orbiting the star Kepler-68 in the constellation of Cygnus. It was discovered by planetary-transit methods by the Kepler space telescope in February 2013. It has a mass of 4.8 times that of Earth (0.015 MJ) and a radius of 0.953 Earth radii. It has an orbital period of 9.605085 days at a distance of about 0.09059 AU from its star. Relatively wide constraints on Kepler-68c's mass are the result lack of detection of the planet through radial-velocity and transit-timing-variation methods.