Textual criticism

thumb|right|Christ Pantocrator seated in a capital "U" in an [[illuminated manuscript from the Badische Landesbibliothek, Germany (from )]] thumb|right|Image of two facing pages of the illuminated manuscript of "Isagoge", fols. 42b and 43a. On the top of the left hand page is an illuminated letter "D" – initial of "De urinarum differencia negocium" (The matter of the differences of urines). Inside the letter is a picture of a master on bench pointing at a raised flask while lecturing on the "Book on urines" of Theophilus. The right hand page is only shown in part. On its very bottom is an illu

thumb|upright=1.3|right|Shakespeare's will|William Shakespeare's will, written in [[secretary hand]]

branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism

Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents, especially historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, protocols and formulae that have been used by document creators, and uses these to increase understanding of the processes of document creation, of information transmission, and of the relationships between the facts which the documents purport to record and reality.

one of the Five Classics of ancient Chinese literature

thumb|upright=1.5|Reims gospel codex (book)

in classical scholarship, first printed edition of a work, that previously had existed only in manuscripts and that was written before the invention of printing (letterpress printing was invented in Europe around 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg)

Roman noblewoman, Catholic saint, disciple of Saint Jerome and co-patron of the Hieronymite monks and nuns

aspect of history

Latin-language medieval document about trade between Germans and Slavs

Greek-language version of the New Testament

critical and primary source material that accompanies an edition of a text

principle of textual criticism

Dittography is the accidental, erroneous act of repeating a letter, word, phrase or combination of letters by a scribe or copyist. The term is used in the field of textual criticism, especially in critical studies of ancient or biblical literature. The opposite phenomenon, in which a copyist omits text by skipping from a word or phrase to a similar word or phrase further on, is known as haplography.

Haplography (from Greek: haplo- 'single' + -graphy 'writing'), also known as lipography (from Greek: lip- from leipein 'to leave/to omit' + -graphy 'writing'), is a scribal or typographical error where a letter or group of letters that should be written twice is written once. It is not to be confused with haplology, where a phoneme is omitted to prevent two similar sounds from occurring consecutively: the former is a textual error, while the latter is a phonological process.

Eisegesis () is the process of interpreting text in such a way as to introduce one's own presuppositions, agendas or biases. It is commonly referred to as reading into the text. It is often done to justify or confirm a position already held.

German classical philologist (1880–1964)

American activist, translator, author

Recension is the practice of editing or revising a text based on critical analysis. When referring to manuscripts, this may be a revision by another author. The term is derived from the Latin ("review, analysis").

Research project of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities

analysis of the manuscripts of the New Testament

term in Biblical studies

American bibliographer and scholar of textual editing

concept in textual criticism and stemmatics

A variorum, short for , is a work that collates all known variants of a text. It is a work of textual criticism, whereby all variations and emendations are set side by side so that a reader can track how textual decisions have been made in the preparation of a text for publication. The Bible and the works of William Shakespeare have often been the subjects of variorum editions, although the same techniques have been applied with less frequency to many other works.

literary monument

method

principle in textual criticism