Textual scholarship

thumb|right|300px|Rubrication and Illuminated manuscript|illumination in the Malmesbury Bible from 1407 thumb|right|300px|Detail from a rare Blackletter [[Bible (1497) printed and rubricated in Strasbourg by Johann Grüninger]] Rubrication is the addition of text in red ink to a manuscript for emphasis. Practitioners of rubrication, so-called rubricators or rubrishers, were specialized scribes who received text from the original scribe. Rubrication was one of several steps in the medieval process of manuscript making. The term comes from the Latin , "to color red", the base word being , "red".

Biblical studies organization

critical reconstruction of a clearly contaminated or illegible textual fragment

text analysis software

removal of books from library shelves or banning of books for public and/or private usage

fold which reinforces the lower edge of a charter or deed

academic journal

academic analysis of texts

Finnish classical scholar and historian (1918–1987)

17th-century Quran edition

A variorum, short for , is a work that collates all known variants of a text. It is a work of textual criticism, whereby all variations and emendations are set side by side so that a reader can track how textual decisions have been made in the preparation of a text for publication. The Bible and the works of William Shakespeare have often been the subjects of variorum editions, although the same techniques have been applied with less frequency to many other works.

English bibliographer and Shakespeare scholar (1875–1959)

American bibliographer and scholar of textual editing

historical geography of ancient Israel / Holy land

principle in textual criticism