Traditional knowledge

class of UNESCO designated cultural heritage

international treaty

thumb|Ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes at work in the Amazon in the 1940s Ethnobotany is an interdisciplinary field at the interface of natural and social sciences that studies the relationships between humans and plants. It focuses on traditional knowledge of how plants are used, managed, and perceived in human societies. Ethnobotany integrates knowledge from botany, anthropology, ecology, and chemistry to study plant-related customs across cultures. Researchers in this field document and analyze how different societies use local flora for various purposes, including medicine, food, relig

thumb|A hemp field in Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France, which is Europe's largest hemp producer as of 2022

thumb|The rising Sun illuminates the inner chamber of [[Newgrange, Ireland, only at the winter solstice.]]

Representative List, Urgent Safeguarding List, and Register of Good Safeguarding Practices

global treaty on biological diversity

UNESCO list

traditional dish of Dongyang, Zhejiang, China

thumb|200px|right|Logo for the Society of Ethnobiology

knowledge systems in the cultural traditions of communities

method for righting a capsized kayak

traditional medical practices in Africa

In mathematics education, ethnomathematics is the study of the relationship between mathematics and culture. Often associated with "cultures without written expression", it may also be defined as "the mathematics which is practised among identifiable cultural groups". It refers to a broad cluster of ideas ranging from distinct numerical and mathematical systems to multicultural mathematics education. The goal of ethnomathematics is to contribute both to the understanding of culture and the understanding of mathematics, and mainly to lead to an appreciation of the connections between the two.

A '''pütchipü'ü, or pütche'ejachi''' (in Wayuu, "messenger of the word"; ), is the central element in the traditional administration justice system of the Wayuu people. The role of a pütchipü'ü is to solve conflicts through mediation and negotiation. This can include conflicts between different members or clans of the Wayuu community or with people or organizations outside the Wayuu people. This negotiation includes material compensation to be paid by the aggravating family to the aggrieved family group.

Ethnozoology is a field of study that explores the complex relationships between humans and animals in their environment. This discipline encompasses the classification and naming of various animal species, as well as the cultural knowledge and use of both wild and domesticated animals. Ethnozoology is a subdiscipline of ethnobiology, which also includes ethnobotany, the study of human-plant relationships. However, unlike ethnobotany, ethnozoology focuses specifically on human-animal relationships and the knowledge that humans have acquired about the animals in their surroundings.

Xeer (pronounced ) is the traditional legal system used by Somalis in Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland, Somali Region of Ethiopia, and the North Eastern Province in Kenya. It is one of the three systems from which formal Somali law draws its inspiration, the others being civil law and Islamic law. It is believed to pre-date Islam. However, Islam influenced it, with Xeer incorporating many Islamic legal principles. Under this system, the elders, known as the , serve as mediator judges and help settle court cases, taking precedent and custom into account. Xeer is polycentric in that different group

Micronesian navigational aid

Indigenous and other traditional knowledge of local resources

organization

Ethnoscience has been defined as an attempt "to reconstitute what serves as science for others, their practices of looking after themselves and their bodies, their botanical knowledge, but also their forms of classification, of making connections, etc." (Augé, 1999: 118).

horses in Moroccan culture

Turkish social practice of community conversations

traditional Ainu costume

intellectual property of indigenous peoples

Act of the Parliament of India, based on United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992; creates National Biodiversity Authority

United Nations forum negotiating a traditional knowledge treaty