Treason

thumb|A 17th-century engraving of the leaders of the Gunpowder Plot, a failed assassination attempt against James I of England

cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime

Defeatism is the acceptance of defeat without struggle, often with negative connotations. It can be linked to pessimism in psychology, and may sometimes be used synonymously with fatalism or determinism.

thumb|The Execution of Lady Jane Grey Delaroche detail

article of the Russian SFSR Penal Code to arrest those suspected of counter-revolutionary activities

thumb|right|300px|Left to right: Vidkun Quisling seated next to [[Heinrich Himmler, Josef Terboven and Nikolaus von Falkenhorst in front of officers of the Waffen-SS, German Army and Air Force in 1941]]

thumb|200px|Nanking residents with armbands of the Japanese flag thumb|200px|Chinese civilians assisting Japanese soldiers

list of 10 offenses under traditional Chinese law which were regarded as the most abhorrent: rebellion, sedition, treason, parricide, depravity, irreverence, lack of filial piety, discord, unrighteousness, incest

Medism (, medismos) in ancient Greece referred to the act of imitating, sympathizing with, collaborating with, or siding with the Persians. While the term "Mede" was commonly used by Greeks to refer to the Persians, strictly speaking, the Medes were a distinct Iranian people who were co-rulers with the Persians in the Medo-Persian (Achaemenid) Empire. The Greeks began using the term "Persians" around the 470s, as evidenced by Aeschylus' play The Persians in 472.

thumb|upright=1.5|350px|right|Codex Azcatitlan, [[Hernán Cortés and Malinche (far right), early 16th-century indigenous pictorial manuscript of the conquest of Mexico]]

In the early days of Ancient Rome, perduellio () was the capital offense of high treason, although it was not well defined. The form of action on this charge changed over the course of the Roman republic. The word later became just an intensifier for the more common treason charge (maiestas). It was set down plainly in the Law of the Twelve Tables as follows: The Law of the Twelve Tables orders that he who has stirred up an enemy or who has handed over a citizen to the enemy is to be punished capitally. (Marcianus, D. 48, 4, 3).

Spanish Civil War episode

Joseon rebellion (1589)

ownership of land under the Palestinian National Authority

derogatory term used in Kurdish culture