Tribes described primarily by Herodotus

The Scythians ( or ) or Scyths (), also known as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained until the 3rd century BC.

The Cimmerians were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, part of whom subsequently migrated into West Asia. Although the Cimmerians were culturally Scythian, they were ethnically distinct from the Scythians proper, to whom the Cimmerians were related and who displaced and replaced the Cimmerians.

The Massagetae or Massageteans, also known as Sakā Tigraxaudā or Orthocorybantians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian Saka people who inhabited the steppes of Central Asia and were part of the wider Scythian cultures. The Massagetae rose to power between the 8th and 7th centuries BCE, expelling the Scythians out of Central Asia and into the Caucasian and Pontic Steppes, an event which was to have wide-reaching consequences. The Massagetae are most famous for their queen Tomyris and her alleged defeat and killing of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian Achaemenid Empire.

thumb|right|300px|Map of the Roman empire under Hadrian (ruled 117–38 AD), showing the location of the Chersonnesos Taurike (Crimean peninsula), the home of the Tauri The Tauri (; in Ancient Greek), or Taurians, also Scythotauri, Tauri Scythae, Tauroscythae (Pliny, H. N. 4.85) were an ancient people settled on the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula, inhabiting the Crimean Mountains in the 1st millennium BC and the narrow strip of land between the mountains and the Black Sea. According to the sources, the Tauri were the first inhabitants of the Crimean peninsula and never abandoned its bo

thumb|450px|The location of the Neuri near Scythia. The Neuri (; , also known as Neurians) were an ancient people whose existence was recorded by ancient Graeco-Roman authors.

The Agathyrsi were an ancient people belonging to the Scythian cultures who lived in Pryazovia before being later displaced by the Scythians into the Transylvanian Plateau, in the region that later became Dacia. The Agathyrsi are largely known from Herodotus of Halicarnassus's description of them in the 5th century BC.

The Budini () were an ancient Scythian tribe whose existence was recorded by ancient Graeco-Roman authors.

The Androphagi were an ancient Scythian tribe whose existence was recorded by ancient Greco-Roman authors. They were closely related to the Melanchlaeni and the Budini.

thumb|right|400px|Macrones, occupying area around Trapezos marked as Macronia, next to Tibareni (Thybaraena) upright=1.2|thumb|Macrones in a map of the voyage of the Argonauts by [[Abraham Ortelius, 1624]] The Macrones (, ; , Makrōnes) were an ancient Colchian tribe in the east of Pontus, about the Moschian Mountains (mountains approximately south and east of modern Bayburt). The name is allegedly derived from the name of Kromni valley (Κορούμ, located north-east of Gümüşhane) by adding Kartvelian ma- prefix which denotes regional descendant.

The Argippaeans or Argippaei are a people mentioned by Herodotus in his The Histories. They were cited to be living north of the Scythians, and much of the scholarship points to them being a tribe near the Ural Mountains. There are scholars who believe that Herodotus could be talking about the Mongolians based on their physical description as well as their culture.

thumb|right|350px|Map depicting the world as described by Herodotus, with the Thyssagetae on the northern banks of the 'Palus Maeotis' The Thyssagetae () were an ancient tribe described by Herodotus as occupying a district to the north-east of Scythia, separated from the Budini by a "desert" that took seven days to cross. The Thyssagetae therefore seem to have occupied the southern end of the Ural Mountains, north of the Caspian Sea.

The Gelonians or Geloni were Scythians of likely mixed origin living in the Pontic steppe, whose presence was recorded by Graeco-Roman authors.

The Melanchlaeni, also known as the Saudaratae, were an ancient Scythian tribe whose existence was recorded by ancient Graeco-Roman authors.

thumb|330x330px|English translation of a 1956 Soviet Union|Soviet map purportedly depicting the ethnic situation in the Caucasus during the 5th and 4th centuries BC. The Saspeires are positioned here to the immediate east of the [[Colchians, who straddle the eastern coast of the Black Sea]] Saspeires (, , ''sasp'erebi'', other names include Saspers, Saspines, Sapinians, and Sapirians) are a people of uncertain origin mentioned by Herodotus. According to the most widespread theory, they are a Kartvelian tribe. The toponym of modern-day city İspir and ancient region of Speri is thought by some t

The Sigynnae (; ) were an obscure nomadic people of antiquity belonging to the Scythian cultures who lived in the region corresponding to parts of present-day Hungary.

thumb|300x270px|Reconstruction of the Oikumene (inhabited world) as described by Herodotus in the 5th century BC. The Macrobians (Μακροβίοι) were a legendary people mentioned by Herodotus, speculated to have lived in the Horn of Africa. They were one of the peoples postulated by the Greeks to exist at the extremity of the known world; in this case, in the extreme south. This contrasts with the Hyperboreans, who were said to live in the extreme north.

thumb|Persian Empire 500 BC Map showing Persis and Utians The Utians or Utii were ancient western Iranic nomadic camel-driving people, known primarily through the writings of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus. Herodotus describes them as "dressed in skin with the hair on".