Truth

Truth is conformity to reality or fact. It contrasts with falsity or misrepresentation that fails to align with the world. Truth is typically treated as a property of truthbearers, such as sentences, propositions, or beliefs that describe things as they are. It is closely related to truthfulness, a virtue associated with honesty, and to truthlikeness, a characteristic of theories that approximate the truth.

period of European history and cultural movement of the 17th and 18th centuries

A belief is a subjective attitude that something is true or a state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some stance, take, or opinion about something. In epistemology, philosophers use the term belief to refer to attitudes about the world which can be either true or false. To believe something is to take it to be true; for instance, to believe that snow is white is comparable to accepting the truth of the proposition "snow is white". However, holding a belief does not require active introspection. For example, few individuals carefully consider whether or

thumb|Diogenes Searching for an Honest Man, attributed to J. H. W. Tischbein () Honesty or truthfulness is a facet of moral character that connotes positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, straightforwardness (including straightforwardness of conduct: earnestness), along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc. Honesty also involves being trustworthy, loyal, fair, and sincere.

thumb|Mahatma Gandhi leading the famous 1930 [[Salt March, a notable example of satyagraha.]]

Fact-checking is the process of verifying the factual accuracy of questioned reporting and statements. Fact-checking can be conducted before or after the text or content is published or otherwise disseminated. Internal fact-checking is such checking done in-house by the publisher to prevent inaccurate content from being published; when the text is analyzed by a third party, the process is called external fact-checking.

type of political culture

ancient mascaron from a basilica in Rome

Post-truth is a term that refers to the widespread documentation of, and concern about, disputes over public truth claims in the 21st century. The term's academic development refers to the theories and research that seek to explain the specific causes historically, and the effects of the phenomenon. Oxford Dictionaries popularly defines it as "relating to and denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief."

thumb|upright|Statue of Veritas outside the Supreme Court of Canada

statement which is true regardless of the truth or falsity of its constituent parts

independent commission tasked with discovering past crimes against humanity by a government. Starting in Latin America in the 1980s, several such commissions were initiated worldwide from the 1990s

A half-truth is a deceptive statement that includes some element of truth. The statement might be partly true, the statement may be totally true, but only part of the whole truth, or it may use some deceptive element, such as improper punctuation, or double meaning, especially if the intent is to deceive, evade, blame or misrepresent the truth.

Aletheia or Alethia (; ) is truth or disclosure in philosophy. Originating in Ancient Greek philosophy, the term was explicitly used for the first time in the history of philosophy by Parmenides in his poem On Nature, in which he contrasts it with doxa (opinion).

thumb|Stephen Colbert coined the term "truthiness" on his political satire show [[The Colbert Report.]] Truthiness is the belief or assertion that a particular statement is true based on the intuition or perceptions of some individual or individuals, without regard to evidence, logic, intellectual examination, or facts. Truthiness can range from ignorant assertions of falsehoods to deliberate duplicity or propaganda intended to sway opinions.

biblical adage

view that Christian revelation and Aristotelian philosophy, as separate sources of knowledge, might arrive at contradictory truths, each in their own spheres, without detriment to either

terms of opposite meaning which may be applied to statements, verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances

words spoken by Jesus of Nazareth according to the Christian Gospel of John

information provided by direct observation

Haqq (, ) is the Arabic word for 'truth'. In Islamic contexts, it is also interpreted as right and reality. (), 'the Truth', is one of the names of God in the Qur'an. It is often used to refer to God as the ultimate reality in Islam.

1797 essay by Immanuel Kant

modality in linguistics

Alethiology (or alethology, "the study of aletheia") literally means the study of truth, but can more accurately be translated as the study of the nature of truth.

The T-schema ("truth schema", not to be confused with "Convention T") is used to check if an inductive definition of truth is valid, which lies at the heart of any realisation of Alfred Tarski's semantic theory of truth. Some authors refer to it as the "Equivalence Schema", a synonym introduced by Michael Dummett.

expression in the Gospel of John, quoted as words of Pontius Pilate: “Jesus answered, […] for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. […] Pilate saith unto him, What is truth?” (John 18:37–38)