Turbulence

In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion exhibiting chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers with no disruption between those layers.

heart sound produced when blood flows across one of the heart valves that are loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope

turbulence without visual cues

turbulence that follows behind aircraft travelling through air

mathematical model for turbulence

turbulence modeling approach

simulation in computational fluid dynamics

the construction and use of a mathematical model to predict the effects of turbulence

device for mixing two fluid materials, often through a tube containing a series of baffles

thumb|right|Grob G 102 Astir prototype with turbulator tape under the wing A turbulator is a device that turns a laminar boundary layer into a turbulent boundary layer.

process of fluid flow becoming turbulent

physical constant in hydraulics

smallest length scales in turbulent fluid flow

mixing of fluids due to eddy currents

In fluid dynamics, the enstrophy \mathcal{E} can be interpreted as another type of potential density; or, more concretely, the quantity directly related to the kinetic energy in the flow model that corresponds to dissipation effects in the fluid. It is particularly useful in the study of turbulent flows, and is often identified in the study of thrusters as well as in combustion theory and meteorology.

dimensionless number

mathematical method in fluid dynamics to separate the expected value of a quantity from its fluctuations

method to describe momentum transfer by turbulence Reynolds stresses within a Newtonian fluid boundary layer by means of an eddy viscosity

is the component of the total stress tensor in a fluid

transfer of energy between large and small scales of motion

model for fluid flow velocity close to solid surfaces