Uncouplers

2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP or simply DNP) is an organic compound with the formula . It occurs as yellow crystals or platelets. It has been used in explosives manufacturing and as a pesticide and herbicide.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant. First produced in the 1930s, it is marketed under many trade names. It can be found as pure PCP, or as the sodium salt of PCP, the latter of which dissolves easily in water. It can be biodegraded by some bacteria, including Sphingobium chlorophenolicum.

chemical compound

Mitochondrial protein

Dinoseb is a common industry name for 6-sec-butyl-2,4-dinitrophenol, a herbicide in the dinitrophenol family. It is a crystalline orange solid which does not readily dissolve in water. Dinoseb is banned as an herbicide in the European Union (EU) and the United States because of its toxicity.

Tetraphenylborate is an organoboron anion consisting of a central boron atom with four phenyl groups. It is a colorless anion that forms water-insoluble salts with a variety of cations. It was considered as a precipitant for caesium-137 ions in the context of radiowaste cleanup.

chemical compound

Dinoterb is a chemical compound previously used as a contact herbicide. It is an uncoupler, affecting respiration in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts. It is banned for use in the European Union and use was suspended in the United States in 1986.

A23187 is a mobile ion-carrier that forms stable complexes with divalent cations (ions with a charge of +2). A23187 is also known as Calcimycin, Calcium Ionophore, Antibiotic A23187 and Calcium Ionophore A23187. It is produced at fermentation of Streptomyces chartreusensis.

An uncoupler or uncoupling agent is a molecule that disrupts oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria or photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria by dissociating the reactions of ATP synthesis from the electron transport chain. The result is that the cell or mitochondrion expends energy to generate a proton-motive force, but the proton-motive force is dissipated before the ATP synthase can recapture this energy and use it to make ATP. Because the intracellular supply of protons is replenished, uncouplers actually stimulate cellular metabolism and oxygen consumpti