Unix file system-related software

' is a shell command for changing access permissions and special mode flags of files (including special files such as directories). The name is short for change mod'e where mode refers to the permissions and flags collectively.

a free cross-platform orthodox file manager and a clone of Norton Commander

The system utility fsck (file system check) is a tool for checking the consistency of a file system in Unix and Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. The equivalent programs on MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows are CHKDSK, SFC, and SCANDISK.

Unix command to mount a filesystem

fdisk is a command-line utility for disk partitioning. It has been part of DOS, DR FlexOS, IBM OS/2, and early versions of Microsoft Windows, as well as certain ports of FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, DragonFly BSD and macOS for compatibility reasons. Windows 2000 and its successors have replaced fdisk with a more advanced tool called diskpart.

In computing, rmdir (or rd) is a command which will remove an empty directory on various operating systems.

standard Unix program used to estimate file space usage

lsof is a command meaning "list open files", which is used in many Unix-like systems to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them. This open source utility was developed and supported by Victor A. Abell, the retired associate director of the Purdue University Computing Center. It works in and supports several Unix flavors.

software interface for Unix-like operating systems that lets non-privileged users create file systems without editing kernel code

udev (userspace ) is a device manager and a device API set for the Linux kernel. As the successor of devfsd and hotplug, udev primarily manages device nodes in the directory. At the same time, udev also handles all user space events raised when hardware devices are added into the system or removed from it, including firmware loading as required by certain devices. udev was developed by Greg Kroah-Hartman and Kay Sievers, with much help from Dan Stekloff, among others.

NTFS-3G is an open-source cross-platform implementation of the Microsoft Windows NTFS file system with read/write support. NTFS-3G often uses the FUSE file system interface, so it can run unmodified on many different operating systems. It is runnable on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenSolaris, illumos, BeOS, QNX, WinCE, Nucleus, VxWorks, Haiku, MorphOS, Minix, macOS and OpenBSD. It is licensed under the GNU General Public License. It is a partial fork of ntfsprogs and is under active maintenance and development.

e2fsprogs (sometimes called the e2fs programs) is a set of utilities for maintaining the ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems for the Linux kernel. Since those file systems are often the default for Linux distributions, it is commonly considered to be essential software.

standard UNIX utility

file and archive manager for Microsoft Windows

'''''' is a computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes, as described in RFC 1321. The MD5 hash functions as a compact digital fingerprint of a file. As with all such hashing algorithms, there is theoretically an unlimited number of files that will have any given MD5 hash. However, it is very unlikely that any two non-identical files in the real world will have the same MD5 hash, unless they have been specifically created to do so.

'''''' is the command in Linux that allows a user to set certain attributes of a file. is the command that displays the attributes of a file.

In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, mkfs is a command used to format a block storage device with a specific file system. In those systems, a block storage device must be formatted with a file system before it can be mounted and accessed through the operating system's filesystem hierarchy.

Dired (for Directory Editor) is a computer program for editing file system directories. It typically runs inside the Emacs text editor as a specialized mode, though standalone versions have been written. Dired was one of the first file manager, or visual editor of file system information. The first version of Dired was written as a stand-alone program independently in 1972 by Dave Lebling at Project MAC, and circa 1974 by Stan Kugell at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL). It was incorporated into GNU Emacs from the earliest versions, and re-implemented in C and C++ on other

Unix system call

badblocks is a Linux utility to check for bad sectors on a disk drive. It can create a text file with a list of these sectors that can be used with other programs, like mkfs, so that they are not used in the future and thus do not cause data corruption. It is part of the e2fsprogs project, and a port is available for BSD operating systems.

shell command in various operating systems

ncdu (NCurses Disk Usage) is a disk utility for Unix systems. Its name refers to its similar purpose to the du utility, but ncdu uses a text-based user interface under the [n]curses programming library. Users can navigate the list using the arrow keys and delete files that are taking up too much space by pressing the 'd' key. It provides a swift and efficient way to view directories that are taking up disk space, and was primarily meant for remote shells. It runs on UNIX-based systems, such as Linux, BSD, and POSIX. Users can install ncdu by running a package manager command in their terminal

Unix command to securely delete files and devices

Unix command to commit all data in the kernel filesystem to non-volatile storage buffers

fdupes is a program written by Adrián López to scan directories for duplicate files, with options to list, delete or replace the files with hardlinks pointing to the duplicate. It first compares file sizes, partial MD5 signatures, full MD5 signatures, and then performs a byte-by-byte comparison for verification.