Urbanization

alt=Global urbanization map|thumb|upright=1.35|Global urbanization map showing the percentage of urbanization and the biggest global population centres per country in 2018, based on UN estimates.

excessive, displeasing human, animal, or machine-created environmental noise

thumb|Skyscrapers of Seoul|Seoul, South Korea A conurbation is a region consisting of a number of metropolises, cities, large towns, and other urban areas which, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area in which transportation has developed to link areas. They create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.

subdiscipline of geography concentrating on urban areas

urban area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities

smaller municipality that is adjacent to a major city within a metropolitan area

urban community that is primarily residential, from which most of the workforce commutes out

expansion of auto-oriented, low-density development in suburbs

thumb|A suburban land use planning|land use pattern in the United States ([[Colorado Springs, Colorado), showing a mix of residential streets and cul-de-sacs intersected by a four-lane road.]]

climatic conditions within a city

urban population by percentage

thumb| Sarcelles, ten miles to the north of Paris, is an example of a low-income banlieue. thumb|upright| Neuilly-sur-Seine, adjacent to Paris' sixteenth arrondissement, is an example of a high-income banlieue. In France, a '''''' (; ) is a suburb of a large city, or all its suburbs taken collectively. Banlieues are divided into autonomous administrative entities and do not constitute part of the city proper. For instance, 80percent of the inhabitants of the Paris metropolitan area live outside the city of Paris.

surface runoff of rainwater created by urbanization

process by which villages transform into urban societies

new unstructured settlement created near a major city

political epithet for those holding or promoting Left Liberal views

thumb|270px|right|Mountain valleys of industrialised countries (e.g. Inn valley) are often periurbanised. thumb|270px|right|The periurbanised Swiss Limmat valley. thumb|Hospital in a peri-urban area in Gijón. Peri-urbanisation relates to the processes of scattered and dispersive urban growth that create hybrid landscapes of fragmented and mixed urban and rural characteristics. Such areas may be referred to as the rural–urban fringe, the outskirts or the urban hinterland.

thumb|Exurban-style density along the Delaware–Maryland–Pennsylvania Tri-State Point|Delaware–Maryland–Pennsylvania border, part of the [[Philadelphia metropolitan area]] thumb|Exurban development (left side) blends into suburban development (right side) in Loudoun County, Virginia, in the western part of the [[Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.]]

types of apartment buildings