Uthman

Uthman ibn Affan (; 17 June 656) was the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. Uthman, a second cousin, son-in-law, and senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, played a major role in early Islamic history. During his reign as caliph, he was known for ordering the official compilation of the standardized version of the Quran, known as the Uthmanic codex, which is still used today.

Sunni hadith listing ten of Muhammad’s companions who were promised paradise

Kufic-script parchment manuscript of the Quran, written in what is now Iraq, dated to between 765 and 855 CE; contains 2:7–43:10 of the Quran

event leading to Caliph Uthman's assassination

wife of Uthman ibn Affan

The Uthmaniyya () were adherents of several political and doctrinal views pertaining to the third caliph, Uthman (), which held that Uthman was legitimate caliph and his murder was unjust, whereas his successor, Ali (), was an illegitimate caliph who seized power without consultation. Although not all of them were Umayyad supporters, they undermined Ali's caliphate through several revolts. In the 8th century, pro-Uthman opinion gained momentum among religious scholars, who considered only Abu Bakr (), Umar (), and Uthman as legitimate caliphs, but discouraged rebellion against authorities, pre

overview of the election of Uthman

bin Affan, the third Caliph of the Rashidun Caliph

thumb|Arabia during al-Faddayni's lifetime '''Sa'id ibn Khalid ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn Uthman ibn Affan al-Uthmani (, ), commonly known as al-Faddayni''' (), was a member of the Umayyad family who led a failed revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate in the Hauran and Balqa (Transjordan) in 813, during the Fourth Muslim Civil War, in a bid to claim the caliphate. His revolt followed two other abortive revolts by Umayyad claimants to the caliphate in Damascus, those of Abu al-Umaytir al-Sufyani and Maslama ibn Ya'qub. In effect, al-Faddayni's rebellion was the last major attempt to r

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