Vaccination

Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulating the body's adaptive immunity, they help prevent sickness from an infectious disease. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, herd immunity results. Herd immunity protects those who may be immunocompromised and cannot get a vaccine because even a weakened version would harm them.

protection from infectious disease that occurs when a sufficient fraction of a population has become immune (through vaccination or previous infections)

thumb|Dr. Schreiber of San Augustine giving a typhoid inoculation at a rural school, [[San Augustine County, Texas. Transfer from U.S. Office of War Information, 1944.]] Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen). When this system is exposed to molecules that are foreign to the body, called non-self, it will orchestrate an immune response, and it will also develop the ability to quickly respond to a subsequent encounter because of immunological memory. This is a function of the adap

Squalene is an organic compound. It is a triterpene with the formula C30H50. It is a colourless oil, although impure samples appear yellow. It was originally obtained from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12% of bodily squalene in humans is found in sebum. Squalene has a role in topical skin lubrication and protection.

vaccine that uses a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a disease

extra administration of vaccine after initial administration

research and philanthropic expedition

type of vaccine

series of vaccinations

Effort to permanently eliminate all cases of poliomyelitis infection

diseases that can be prevented by vaccines

WHO event during the last week of April

using a mathematical model to understand infectious disease transmission and predict the likely outcome of an epidemic

Any mechanism of immune avoidance that directly affects the host immune system, e.g. blocking any stage in host MHC class I and II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.

adverse event caused by vaccination

clinical trial that aims at establishing the safety and efficacy of a vaccine prior to it being licensed

reduction of disease among the vaccinated comparing to the unvaccinated

animal disease

medical record

thumb|WI-38 cells (Left: in high density. Right: in low density) WI-38 is a diploid human cell line composed of fibroblasts derived from lung tissue of a 3-month-gestation female fetus. The fetus came from a legal abortion performed in Sweden in 1962. The cell line was isolated by Leonard Hayflick the same year, and has been used extensively in scientific research, with applications ranging from developing important theories in molecular biology and aging to the production of most human virus vaccines. The uses of this cell line in human virus vaccine production is estimated to have saved the

health policy in relation to vaccination

vaccination strategy

induction of immunity after exposure to an antigen; can be natural or therapeutic

medical science

adaptation of pathogens to reduce the protection of vaccines

alt=|thumb|350px|Components of a Virosome A virosome is a drug or vaccine delivery mechanism consisting of unilamellar phospholipid membrane (either a mono- or bi-layer) vesicle incorporating virus-derived proteins to allow the virosomes to fuse with target cells. Viruses are infectious agents that can replicate in their host organism, however virosomes do not replicate. The properties that virosomes share with viruses are based on their structure; virosomes are essentially safely modified viral envelopes that contain the phospholipid membrane and surface glycoproteins. As a drug or vaccine de

Vaccine using different types for priming and boosting

Wikimedia list article

religious attitudes towards the use of vaccination

vaccine administered via the nose