Veterinary parasitology

Acanthocephala (Greek , '''' 'thorn' + , '''' 'head') is a group of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and hold the gut wall of its host. Acanthocephalans have complex life cycles, involving at least two hosts, which may include invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. About 1,420 species have been described.

species of Myxosporea

family of copepods

species of Myxosporea

species of worm

Bunostomum is a genus of nematodes of the small intestine of ruminants and camelids. Important species include B. phlebotomum in calves and B. trigonocephalum in lambs. The worms are stout and measure in length. Young animals are most commonly affected and only several hundred worms are necessary to cause morbidity. Adults often carry worms without showing clinical signs.