Voting theory

group of people by practices, race, religion, ethnicity, or other characteristics who are fewer in numbers than the main groups of those classifications

territorial division made or used for elections

A majority is more than half of a total; however, the term is commonly used with other meanings, as explained in the "Related terms" section below.

vote share required for representation

A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority, the latter sometimes expressed as a vote". Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. In consensus democracy, the supermajority

candidate or proposition polling more votes than any other, but not necessarily with a majority

Result that no ranked-choice system is spoilerproof

Marquis de Condorcet's observation regarding times when voters' collective preferences are cyclic, even when voters' individual preferences are not

thumb|Comparative results of 2011 Canadian federal election with or without abstention

strategically voting for other than one's true preference, based on knowledge of the voting system

method of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems

group of candidates for an election which voters can choose as a unit

principle in political science

form of delegative democracy

indifference towards, or rejection of, politics

decision rule that selects alternatives which have a majority

theorem in political science

ballot that is invalid and is thus not included in the final vote count

expressing preferences through actions

set of ballots that do not help elect a candidate, including those cast for a losing candidate, and those cast for a winning candidate in excess of that needed to win

form of political behavior

theorem that, in an election where candidate A receives 𝑝 votes and candidate B receives 𝑞 votes (𝑝>𝑞), the probability that A will be strictly ahead of B throughout the count is (𝑝−𝑞)/(𝑝+𝑞)

political science theorem

type of voting procedure

Concept in political party systems

tactical voting strategy by the Russia opposition

theorem that deterministic ordinal electoral systems that choose a single winner are either dictatorial, binary choice, or susceptible to tactical voting

voting power index based on pivotal probability

power index defined by the probability of changing an outcome of a vote where voting rights are not necessarily equally divided among the voters or shareholders

measure of electoral disproportionality

the paradox that larger the electorate, the less each vote matters

form of voting whereby some may delegate their voting power to others to vote in their absence

Social Choice theory on voting

essay by Kenneth Arrow

electoral system

Poorly informed people who vote in elections

hypothesis based on a spurious relationship

voter not aligned with any political party

measure of electoral volatility in political party systems

publicly declaring support for a candidate

process by which electoral districts are added, removed, or otherwise changed