Waste treatment technology

thumb|Burning pieces of wood, showing various stages of pyrolysis, followed by oxidative combustion

Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios. The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane. It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol. Syngas is combustible and can be used as a fuel. Historically, it has been used as a replacement for gasoline when gasoline supply has been limited; for example, wood gas was used to power cars in Europe during WWII (in Germany alone, half a million cars were built or rebuilt to run on wood gas).

thumb|right|upright|The incineration plant in Vienna, [[Austria, designed by Friedensreich Hundertwasser]] thumb|right|upright|SYSAV waste-to-energy plant|SYSAV incineration plant in [[Malmö, Sweden, capable of handling per hour of household waste. To the left of the main stack, a new identical oven line is under construction (March 2007).]]

Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: dinitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), dihydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (). This is achieved by reacting the feedstock material at high temperatures (typically >700 °C), without combustion, via controlling the amount of oxygen and/or steam present in the reaction. The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel due to the flammability of the H2 and CO of which the gas is largely composed. Power

residue of coal combustion

thumb|right| Biosolids composting plant biofilter mound - note sprinkler visible front right to maintain proper moisture level for optimum functioning

device that shreds garbage for disposal via plumbing

a method of removing particulates from a fluid stream through vortex speration

A hydrocyclone showing the paths of fluid flow.|thumbHydrocyclones are a type of cyclonic separators that separate product phases mainly on basis of differences in gravity with aqueous solutions as the primary feed fluid.

thumb|right|upright=1.5|, with its distinct Friedensreich Hundertwasser|Hundertwasser facade, is providing [[combined heat and power in Vienna.]]

waste disposal or recycling facility

thumb|upright=1.1|Reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel by the PUREX method, first developed in the 1940s to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons, was demonstrated commercially in Belgium to partially re-fuel a LWR in the 1960s. This aqueous chemical process continues to be used commercially to separate [[reactor grade plutonium (RGPu) for reuse as MOX fuel. It remains controversial, as plutonium can be used to make nuclear weapons.]]

form of rainwater runoff management

deep geological repository for transuranic radioactive waste in Eddy County, New Mexico

application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in addition to the supply of safe potable water

small dam

extracted combustible fraction of municipal and other solid waste

mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated by industrial or commercial activities

method of storing high-level radioactive waste that has already been cooled

type of subsurface wastewater disposal facility

involves the treatment and disposal of industrial, chemical, and biological waste to minimize environmental impact and ensure regulatory compliance.

storage pools for spent fuel from nuclear reactors

farm management agenda for controlling pollution from surface runoff in agriculture chemicals in fertiliser, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water.

disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet light to kill or inactivate microorganisms

machine separating materials

wastewater treatment system using aeration

facility that combusts waste to produce electricity

thumb|Runoff from the vicinity flows into an adjacent bioswale Bioswales are channels designed to concentrate and convey stormwater runoff while removing debris and pollution. Bioswales can also be beneficial in recharging groundwater, reducing flooding and erosion, and creating a valuable habitat for pollinators.

mechanical device to separate components of air

intentional use of fermentation by microorganisms

designed to reduce the potential impact of development

concept used in sanitary engineering

flotation

Industrial wastewater processing device

REDIRECT Mineral processing

funding process which is carried out using a carrier liquid

in situ process for soil remediation

plant to process recyclates

Marine piece of equipment that separates oil and water mixtures

pipeline or tunnel that discharges municipal or industrial wastewater, stormwater, combined sewer overflows, cooling water, or brine effluents from water desalination plants to the sea

device to separate oil and water

device that uses a powerful magnetic field to separate non-ferrous metals from waste after all ferrous metals have been removed previously by some arrangement of magnets

Landysh (; known as Suzuran in Japan) is a floating facility for processing contaminated water produced when decommissioning nuclear submarines. It was built in Russia with funds from Japan as part of an agreement on nuclear arms disposal, but has not left the wharf. Japan requested that Russia send Landysh to help in the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.

wastewater treatment process

biological process for wastewater treatment