Western medieval lyric forms

rhyming stanza form consisting of eight iambic lines

A sestina (, from sesto, sixth; Old Occitan: cledisat ; also known as sestine, sextine, sextain) is a fixed verse form consisting of six stanzas of six lines each, normally followed by a three-line envoi. The words that end each line of the first stanza are used as line endings in each of the following stanzas, rotated in a set pattern.

medieval and Renaissance poetic and musical genre

A virelai is a form of medieval French verse used often in poetry and music. It is one of the three formes fixes (the others were the ballade and the rondeau) and was one of the most common verse forms set to music in Europe from the late thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries.

A triolet (, ) is almost always a stanza poem of eight lines, though stanzas with as few as seven lines and as many as nine or more have appeared in its history. Its rhyme scheme is \mathrm{ABaAabAB} (capital letters represent lines repeated verbatim) and often in 19th century English triolets all lines are in iambic tetrameter, though in traditional French triolets, from the 17th century on, the second, sixth and eighth lines tend to be iambic trimeters followed by one amphibrachic foot each. In French terminology, a line ending in an iambic foot was denoted as masculine, while a line ending

The ballata (plural: ballate) is an Italian poetic and musical form in use from the late 13th to the 15th century. It has the musical form AbbaA, with the first and last stanzas having the same texts. It is thus most similar to the French musical 'forme fixe' virelai (and not the ballade as the name might otherwise suggest). The first and last "A" is called a ripresa, the "b" lines are piedi (feet), while the fourth line is called a "volta". Longer ballate may be found in the form AbbaAbbaA, etc. Unlike the virelai, the two "b" lines usually have exactly the same music and only in later balla

The sirventes or serventes (), sometimes translated as "service song", was a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry practiced by the troubadours.

thumb|Sheet music for Jules Delhaxhe's Aubade à la Lune An aubade is a morning love song (as opposed to a serenade, intended for performance in the evening), or a song or poem about lovers separating at dawn. It has also been defined as "a song or instrumental composition concerning, accompanying, or evoking daybreak".

A tenso (; ) is a style of troubadour song. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position; common topics relate to love or ethics. Usually, the tenso is written by two different poets, but several examples exist in which one of the parties is imaginary, including God (Peire de Vic), the poet's horse (Bertran Carbonel) or his cloak (Gui de Cavalhon). Closely related, and sometimes overlapping, genres include:

13-line poem with rhyme scheme ABba abAB abbaA

subgenre of Occitan lyric poetry

thumb|Cercamon, [[troubadour and author of the earliest known planh]] A genre of the troubadours, the ' or ' (; "lament") is a funeral lament for "a great personage, a protector, a friend or relative, or a lady." Its main elements are expression of grief, praise of the deceased (eulogy) and prayer for his or her soul. It is descended from the medieval Latin .

song style

form of medieval and Renaissance French poetry; poetic form (forme fixe); musical chanson form

three fourteenth- and fifteenth-centuries French poetic forms: the ballade, rondeau and virelai

The pastourelle (; also pastorelle, pastorella, or pastorita is a typically Old French lyric form concerning the romance of a shepherdess. In most of the early pastourelles, the poet knight meets a shepherdess who bests him in a battle of wit and who displays general coyness. The narrator usually has sexual relations, either consensual or rape, with the shepherdess, and there is a departure or escape. Later developments moved toward pastoral poetry by having a shepherd and sometimes a love quarrel. The form originated with the troubadour poets of the 12th century and particularly with the poet

genre of the Galician-Portuguese lyric

thumb|upright|Marcabru The pastorela (, "little/young shepherdess") was an Occitan lyric genre used by the troubadours. It gave rise to the Old French pastourelle. The central topic was always the meeting of a knight with a shepherdess, which could lead to any of a number of possible conclusions. They were usually humorous pieces. The genre was allegedly invented by Cercamon, whose examples do not survive, and was most famously taken up by his (alleged) pupil Marcabru.

The descort () was a form and genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry used by troubadours. It was heavily discordant in verse form and/or feeling and often used to express disagreement. It was possibly invented by Garin d'Apchier when he wrote ''Quan foill'e flors reverdezis (only the first two lines survive); the invention is credited to him by a vida, and these are unreliable. Gautier de Dargies imported the descort'' into Old French and wrote and composed three.

final, shorter stanza (or cobla) that appears in lyric poetry and serves a variety of purposes within several poetic forms

thumb|A jeu-parti with music and an illustration in the 13th-century Chansonnier d'Arras The jeu-parti (plural jeux-partis, also known as parture) is a genre of French lyric poetry composed between two trouvères. It is a cognate of the Occitan partimen (also known as partia or joc partit). In the classic type, one poet poses a dilemma question in the opening stanza, his or her partner picks a side (the 'part') in the second stanza, which replicates the versification of the first and is sung to the same melody. Typically, the jeu-parti has six stanzas, with the two interlocutors alternating sta

allusive and obscure style adopted by some 12th-century troubadours

The cywydd (; plural ) is one of the most important metrical forms in traditional Welsh poetry (cerdd dafod).

single-stanza poem in troubadour poetry

medieval French literary genre

literary genre

style of poetry used by troubadours

poetic verse form consisting of eight lines

__NOTOC__ The Leise or Leis (plural Leisen; from the Greek kyrie eleison) is a genre of vernacular medieval church song. They appear to have originated in the German-speaking regions, but are also found in Scandinavia, and are a precursor of Protestant church music.

thumb|right|Ensenhame personified as a king in the 14th-century ''Breviari d'amor of Matfre Ermengau An '''' (, or ) was an Old Occitan didactic (often lyric) poem associated with the troubadours. As a genre of Occitan literature, its limits have been open to debate since it was first defined in the 19th century. The word has many variations in old Occitan: , , , and .

genre of the Galician-Portuguese lyric

genre of the Galician-Portuguese lyric

fourteen-line poem with a pattern of rhyming schemes

song

trobadour style,a style of rich poetry form,the trobar ric