Zugot

Jewish religious leader of the 1st century

thumb|300px|Mausoleum with two Loculus (architecture)|loculus graves at [[Khirbet Shema' on Mount Meron, dated to the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods, and identified by a medieval tradition as the tomb of Shammai.]]

Jewish High Priest during the time of the Second Temple

The Zugot (; ), also called Zugoth or Zugos in the Ashkenazi pronunciation, refers both to the two hundred year period ( 170 BCE – 30 CE, ) during the later Second Temple period, in which the spiritual leadership of the Jews was in the hands of five successions of "pairs" of religious teachers, and to each of these pairs themselves.

Jewish Pharisee scholar (c. 140–60 BCE)

Third century BCE Jewish scholar

Abtalion ( ʾAḇṭalyōn) or Avtalyon (Modern Hebrew) was a rabbinic sage in the early pre-Mishnaic era. He was a leader of the Pharisees during the 1st century BCE, and by tradition the vice-president of the great Sanhedrin of Jerusalem. He lived at the same time as Sh'maya. They are known as one of the zugot ("couples"): Shmaya and Avtalyon. Abtalion lived approximately from 90 BCE - 20 BCE.

Rabbi and Nasi of the Sanhedrin.

Rabbinic sage

Jewish rabbi and sage.

Jewish Tanna sage living during the era of the Zugot

Jewish rabbi, vice president of the Sanhedrin

Pharisee scholar, Chief Justice of the Sanhedrin

Chief Justice of the Sanhedrin in the 2nd century