thumb|A plate showing a "Free Martin" from the collected works of John Hunter. A freemartin or free-martin (sometimes martin heifer) is an infertile cow with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries. Such a cow is born as one of a pair of twins, with a male calf as the other twin. Phenotypically, the animal appears female, but various aspects of her female reproductive development were altered due to acquisition of anti-Müllerian hormone from the male twin. Genetically, the animal is chimeric: karyotypy as a sample of cells shows XX/XY chromosomes. The animal originates as a female (X
thumb|A plate showing a "Free Martin" from the collected works of John Hunter. A freemartin or free-martin (sometimes martin heifer) is an infertile cow with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries. Such a cow is born as one of a pair of twins, with a male calf as the other twin. Phenotypically, the animal appears female, but various aspects of her female reproductive development were altered due to acquisition of anti-Müllerian hormone from the male twin. Genetically, the animal is chimeric: karyotypy as a sample of cells shows XX/XY chromosomes. The animal originates as a female (XX), but acquires the male (XY) component in utero by exchange of some cellular material from a male twin, via vascular connections between placentas. Such cows provide an example of microchimerism. The chimerism is mainly present in the hematopoietic stem cells.
== History == thumb|The Free-Martin (Sawrey Gilpin) Freemartins are known to have been described by the Roman writer Varro, who called them .
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).