justacorps

A justacorps or justaucorps () is a knee-length coat worn by men in the latter half of the 17th century and throughout the 18th century. It is of French origin, where it had developed from a cape-like garment called a casaque. It was introduced into England as a component of a three-piece ensemble, which also included breeches and a long vest or waistcoat. This ensemble served as the prototype for the modern-day three-piece suit. The justacorps itself evolved into the frock coat. right|thumb|250px|Luis Francisco de la Cerda, 9th Duke of Medinaceli|Luis Francisco de la Cerda (later Duke of Medinaceli) in a red justacorps with horizontal pockets and lavish decoration, c. 1684. The fabric selection and styling of the justacorps varied over time, as fashions altered through history. Elaborated forms featuring rich embroidery and embellishments were influenced by Indo-Persian and Turkish garments, which cultures influential Europeans were increasingly in contact with, through travel, trade, and diplomatic missions. East European garments of similar cut became fashionable around the same time as the justacorp arrived in Western Europe, and its construction and decoration were also influenced by "oriental" modes.

==Origins== The , a voluminous travellers' cloak, became popular during Louis XIII's time for protection from the elements. It had evolved from the simple smock and now had separate front, back and shoulder pieces so that could be worn as a semicircular cape or, with simple adjustments, as a jacket. While adaptable in general use, and a mainstay of the military wardrobe, from the mid-17th century developments in weaponry meant the was now proving too cumbersome as soldiers' clothing, its bulk impeding easy access to their weapons. A redesigned version was given a more fitted cut, from which it acquired a new descriptive name , , and a full-length central front opening with button fastenings. This practical military garment with enhanced freedom of movement, went on to be elaborated into a style of coat that became popular with civilians. Its success outside the military was greatly aided by Louis XIV's promotion of it.