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The Planck length is the smallest meaningful unit of distance in physics, calculated from fundamental constants to be about 1.6 × 10⁻³⁵ meters—far smaller than anything we can currently observe or measure. It matters because it represents a theoretical limit where our current understanding of physics breaks down and quantum effects of gravity become dominant, making it important for developing theories that unite quantum mechanics with general relativity.
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A mass–radius log plot of various objects
In particle physics and physical cosmology, Planck units are a system of units of measurement defined exclusively in terms of four universal physical constants: c, G, ħ, and kB. Expressing one of these physical constants in terms of Planck units yields a numerical value of 1. They are a system of natural units, defined using fundamental properties of nature (specifically, properties of free space) rather than properties of a chosen prototype object. Originally proposed in 1899 by German physicist Max Planck, they are relevant in research on unified theories such as quantum gravity.