Spanish Inquisition
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The Spanish Inquisition was a system of religious courts controlled by Spanish monarchs from 1478 to 1834 that investigated and judged matters of faith. It matters historically because it represents an important example of how state and religious institutions combined power over several centuries in early modern Europe.
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The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición) was authorized by Pope Sixtus IV in 1478 and the first inquisitors, Miguel de Morillo and Juan de San Martín, were appointed by the future Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, in 1480. Although its stated aim was to maintain Christian orthodoxy, it became an effective instrument of state power by replacing the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control.
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1478 establishments in Europe15th-century establishments in Aragon15th-century establishments in Castile15th-century Islam15th-century Judaism16th-century anti-Protestantism1834 disestablishments in EuropeAnti-Islam sentiment in SpainAnti-JudaismAnti-Muslim violence in EuropeAntisemitism in EuropeAntisemitism in Spain