temperature

Also known as temp

{dS}

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Key facts

Physical quantity.name: Temperature
Physical quantity.image: Thermally Agitated Molecule.gif
Physical quantity.caption: Thermal vibration of a segment of a protein's alpha helix. Its amplitude increases with temperature.
Physical quantity.unit: K
Physical quantity.otherunits: °C, °F, °R, °Rø, °Ré, °N, °D, °L, °W, Planck units
Physical quantity.dimension: wikidata
Physical quantity.intensive: Yes
Physical quantity.derivations: \frac{pV}{nR}, \frac{dq_\text{rev

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Research

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Encyclopedic overview

42 sections

Contents

Effects
Scales
Absolute zero
Absolute scales
Kelvin scale
Statistical mechanical ''versus'' thermodynamic temperature scales
Classification of scales
Empirical scales
Theoretical scales
Microscopic statistical mechanical scale
Macroscopic thermodynamic scale
Ideal gas
Kinetic theory approach
Thermodynamic approach
Intensive variability
Local thermodynamic equilibrium
Basic theory
Bodies in thermodynamic equilibrium
Bodies in a steady state but not in thermodynamic equilibrium
Bodies not in a steady state
Thermodynamic equilibrium axiomatics
Heat capacity
Measurement
Units
Historical scales
Plasma physics
Continuous or discrete
Theoretical foundation
Kinetic theory of gases
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Definition from statistical mechanics
Generalized temperature from single-particle statistics
Negative temperature
Examples <span class="anchor" id="Table of common temperatures"></span>
See also
Notes and references
Notes
Citations
Bibliography of cited references
Further reading
External links

{{Infobox physical quantity | name = Temperature | image = Thermally Agitated Molecule.gif | caption = Thermal vibration of a segment of a protein's alpha helix. Its amplitude increases with temperature. | unit = K | otherunits = °C, °F, °R, °Rø, °Ré, °N, °D, °L, °W, Planck units | symbols = | dimension = wikidata | intensive = Yes | derivations = \frac{pV}{nR}, \frac{dq_\text{rev}}{dS} }}

In classical thermodynamics and kinetic theory, temperature reflects the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system, providing a quantitative measure of how energy is distributed among microscopic degrees of freedom. Temperature reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making up a substance. It is a numerical expression of the everyday experience of hotness or coldness.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “temperature” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.