claimant

noun

Etymology: From Old French and Anglo-Norman clamant, present participle of the verb clamer and its variants, from Latin clāmō (“to cry out”), equivalent to claim + -ant. Compare clamant.

1. One who claims; one who makes a claim.

   ““Two or three months more went by ; the public were eagerly awaiting the arrival of this semi-exotic claimant to an English peerage, and sensations, surpassing those of the Tichbourne case, were looked forward to with palpitating interest.[…]””

2. A person receiving money from the government, in a form of unemployment benefits, disability benefits or similar.
3. The party who initiates a lawsuit before a court.