1642 births

Sir Isaac Newton was an English polymath who was a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, author and inventor. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687, achieved the first great unification in physics and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for formulating infinitesimal calculus, although he developed calculus years before Leibniz. Newton contributed to and refined the scientific method, and his work is considered the most influential in bringing forth modern science.

19th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1648–1687)

20th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1687–1691)

thumb|right|Shitao, Master Shi Planting Pines, c. 1674, ink and color on paper, National Palace Museum.

Japanese writer

Japanese mathematician

painter of the Late Baroque (1642-1709)

Haseki Sultan of Mehmed IV, mother and Valide Sultan of Mustafa II and Ahmed III.

Grand Prince of Tuscany (1642-1723)

Indo-Persian sufi, writer and poet (1642–1720)

German composer and organist (1642–1703)

French cabinetmaker (1642-1732)

Monegasque prince (1642-1701)

Spanish artist (1642-1693)

son of Koxinga (1642-1681)

poet from Italy (1642-1707)

Ottoman calligrapher (1642–1698)

French noble (1642-1722)

French naval commander who served under King Louis XIV

Kalmyk leader

(1642-1702)

Ottoman poet

Italian violinist and composer (1642-1678)

king of Kakheti (1675—1676, 1703—1709) and Kartli (1688—1703)

painter from the Northern Netherlands (1642-1708)

Vijayanagara emperor

Chinese painter (1642-1715)

Polish noble (1642-1702)

French actress

Swedish writer, lady-in-waiting

Jesuit priest and missionary

Dutch admiral

German Baroque (1642-1719)

Italian Roman Catholic religious and blessed

writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian (1642-1708)

Polish starost and kasztelan of Poznań

English politician, diplomat, and writer

Dutch painter and engraver (1642-1722)

German theologian

Roman Catholic cardinal

Catholic bishop (1642-1730)

queen; Queen Consort of King Hyeonjong of Joseon

French diplomat

French priest and founder (1642–1678)

Swedish count, admiral and governor-general (1641-1714)

18th-century Roman Catholic cardinal

Polish nobleman (1662-1728)

French artist (1642-1708)

Italian composer (1642-1692)

136th Doge of the Republic of Genoa

German composer and organist

French writer (1642–1712)

Italian cardinal

Spanish general

Italian writer

French Archbishop of Reims

French painter and engraver (1642–1679)

German Roman Catholic priest

Swedish count, official and diplomat (1642-1709)