19th-century women inventors

Polish-French physicist and chemist (1867–1934)

English mathematician (1815–1852)

German automobile pioneer, with husband Karl Benz (1849–1944)

French biologist (1794-1871)

foundress of Margarete Steiff GmbH in Germany

Austrian-British chemist

Spanish teacher, doctor, gynecologist, inventor, scientist, and write

French business person (1777-1866)

English food writer, editor (1855-1905)

French midwife, inventor, and writer (1773-1841)

English inventor

businessperson

Swedish business person and candycane maker (1824-1923)

Portuguese businesswoman and winemaker (1811–1896)

British writer

German instrument maker, designer and orthopedic technician

British artist and inventor (1841–1927)

British prostitute, dominatrix and brothel owner

English socialite and aviation patron and enthusiast (1864–1927)

Danish dairy worker

British businesswoman known for manufacturing Neoclassical statues, architectural decorations and garden ornaments (1733–1821)

French Communard, businesswoman and corsetière (1842–1924)

Mitten inventor

American physician, surgeon (1852-1919)