1st-century introductions

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus is the Son of God and rose from the dead after his crucifixion, whose coming as the messiah (Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament and chronicled in the New Testament. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with over 2.3 billion followers, comprising around 28.8% of the world population. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 120 countries and territories.

thumb|upright=1.35|The Codex Gigas, 13th century, [[Bohemia]]

archaic letter of the Greek alphabet used in Bactrian

Roman shorthand system

Sarmatian Roman pole weapon

three new letters of the Latin alphabet introduced by Roman Emperor Claudius

tradition that Moses was the author of the Torah; denied by the majority of scholars