4th-century BC deaths

Greek astronomer and mathematician (c.408–c.355 BC)

Ctesias ( ; ; ), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire.

Hippias of Elis (; ; late 5th century BC) was a Greek sophist, and a contemporary of Socrates. With an assurance characteristic of the later sophists, he claimed to be regarded as an authority on all subjects, and lectured on poetry, grammar, history, politics, mathematics, and much else. Most current knowledge of him is derived from Plato, who characterizes him as vain and arrogant.

Theopompus (, Theópompos; 380 BC 315 BC) was an ancient Greek historian and rhetorician who was a student of Isocrates.

5th century BC Agiad King of Sparta

thumb|The family of Darius in front of Alexander the Great|Alexander, by [[Charles le Brun. Sisygambis (in yellow) kneels before the king]]

4th-century BC Macedonian queen consort

thumb|Conon from Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum|Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum Conon () (before 443 BC – ) was an Athenian general at the end of the Peloponnesian War, who led the Athenian naval forces when they were defeated by a Peloponnesian fleet in the crucial Battle of Aegospotami; later he contributed significantly to the restoration of Athens' political and military power.

Isaeus ( Isaios; fl. early 4th century BC) was one of the ten Attic orators according to the Alexandrian canon. He was a student of Isocrates in Athens, and later taught Demosthenes while working as a metic logographer (speechwriter) for others. Only eleven of his speeches survive, with fragments of a twelfth. They are mostly concerned with inheritance, with one on civil rights. Dionysius of Halicarnassus compared his style to Lysias, although Isaeus was more given to employing sophistry.

4th-century BC Greek philosopher

4th-century BC Persian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia

Hecatomnus of Mylasa or Hekatomnos (, Carian: 𐊴𐊭𐊪𐊵𐊫 k̂tmno “under-son, descendant(?)”) was an early 4th-century BC ruler of Caria. He was the satrap (governor) of Caria for the Persian Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II (404–358 BC). However, the basis for Hecatomnus' political power was twofold: he was both a high appointed Persian official and a powerful local dynast, who founded the hereditary dynasty of the Hecatomnids. The Hecatomnids followed the earlier autochthonous dynasty of the Lygdamids (520-450 BC) in Caria.

wife of Alexander the Great

4th-century BC Greek sculptor

Glaucon (; ; c. 445 BC – 4th century BC), son of Ariston, was an ancient Athenian and Plato's older brother. He is primarily known as a major conversant with Socrates in the Republic. According to Debra Nails, two major facts about Glaucon's life can be ascertained from a single comment by Socrates in the Republic, that Glaucon was old enough to have distinguished himself in a battle at Megara, and that he was the eromenos of the poet and statesman Critias. In Book V of the Republic, an exchange between Socrates and Glaucon indicates that Glaucon owned property where he kept and bred sporting

4th-century BCE Persian satrap of Hellespont Phrygia

4th-century BC Roman general and statesman

Roman aedile in 304 BC

ancient Greek philosopher

Pythias (; ), also known as Pythias the Elder, was the adopted daughter of Hermias, ruler of the cities Assos and Atarneus on the Anatolian coast opposite the island of Lesbos. She was also Aristotle's first wife. Hermias was an enemy of Persia and allied with Macedonia. In his will, Aristotle ordered that he be buried next to his wife. From his wording, it is known that Pythias was already dead by the time he wrote his will.

thumb|upright=1.37|Coinage of Alexander the Great struck under Balakros or Menes circa 333-327 BC. The letter "B" appears under the throne of Zeus. Balakros (), also Balacrus or Balagros, the son of Nicanor, one of Alexander the Great's "Somatophylakes" (bodyguards), was appointed satrap of Cilicia after the Battle of Issus, 333 BC. He succeeded to the last Achaemenid satrap of Cilicia, Arsames.

Anytus (; ; probably before 451 – after 388 BCE), son of Anthemion of the deme Euonymon, was a politician in Classical Athens. Anytus served as a general in the Peloponnesian War of 431 to 404 BCE, and later became a leading supporter of the democratic forces opposed to the Thirty Tyrants who ruled Athens from 404 to 403 BCE. He is best remembered as one of the prosecutors of the philosopher Socrates in 399 BCE; probably because of that role, Plato depicted Anytus as an interlocutor in the dialogue Meno.

tyrant of Syracuse from 354 to 352 BC

thumb|upright=1.38|Struthas was satrap of Lydia, including [[Ionia.]] Struthas was a Persian satrap for a brief period during the Corinthian War. In 392 BC, he was dispatched by Artaxerxes II to take command of the satrapy of Sardis, replacing Tiribazus, and to pursue an anti-Spartan policy. Accordingly, Struthas raided territory held by the Spartans and their allies, prompting the Spartans to order their commander in the region, Thibron, to begin aggressive activity against Struthas. Thibron raided successfully for a time, but Struthas eventually succeeded in ambushing one of his raiding expe

late 5th-century BCE Greek mathematician

thumb|Abulites retained the satrapy of Susania under Alexander the Great in 330 BC. thumb|The "Porus the Elder|Porus" coinage of Alexander, struck circa 325-323 BC in Susa or Babylon, often bears the marks "AB" and "Ξ" (here "Ξ" appears on the obverse and "AB" on the reverse -the hoops of the "B" appear on the left leg of the "A"), which may correspond to Abulites and Xenophilus. thumb|Abulites went to help Alexander in the crossing of the Gedrosian desert, but he brought a huge load of coins rather than much-needed supplies, thus precipitating his demise. Abulites () was the Achaemenid satrap

Roman consul 365 BC

4th-century BC Athenian aristocrat and politician

ancient Greek painter

Aristander of Telmessos (; born , ), a Greek from Caria, was Alexander the Great's favorite seer.

thumb|upright=1.35|Possible coinage of Abrocomas, Sinop, Turkey|Sinope, [[Paphlagonia.]] Abrocomas () was satrap of Syria for the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II Mnemon. He may also have been satrap of Paphlagonia, with its capital at Sinope, according to the reading of some of the coinage of Sinope: the Aramaic reading "ˈbrkmw" has been identified as the name rendered in Greek as "Abrocomas", but this is not universally accepted.

4th-century BC Macedonian general

Theban general and statesman

5th-century BC Greek philosopher

Thymaridas of Paros (; c. 400 – c. 350 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician and Pythagorean noted for his work on prime numbers and simultaneous linear equations.

Nabarzanes (died ) was a high-ranking Persian commander, who served as the chiliarch of the royal cavalry of the Achaemenid King of Kings Darius III ().

Eucleides () was eponymous archon of Athens for the year running from July/August 403 BC until June/July 402 BC. His year in office was marked by Athens's official adoption of the Ionic alphabet. There is some evidence that he may have been personally involved in this decision.

ancient Greek vase painter

4th c. BCE mathematician

ancient Greek vase painter

three bog bodies found in the Borremose peat bog in Himmerland, Denmark

ancient Apulian-Greek vase-painter of red-figure style

ancient Greek vase painter

Greek politician

5th/4th-century BC Corinthian madam

ancient Apulian-Greek red-figure vase-painter

ancient Apulian Greek vase painter of the red-figure style

ancient Greek vase painter

Ariaeus (fl. 401 BC – 394 BC) was a Persian general who fought alongside Cyrus the Younger at the Battle of Cunaxa and later was involved in the assassination of Tissaphernes.

Persian governor

Eteonicus () was a Spartan commander during the Peloponesian and Corinthian Wars. He participated in many key engagements, held important commands and is mentioned multiple times by Thucydides, Xenophon and Diodorus Siculus. His appearance in the record, however, is mostly episodic, with his roles not being particularly influential.

Lamprocles () was Socrates' and Xanthippe's eldest son. His two brothers were Menexenus and Sophroniscus. Lamprocles was a youth (μειράκιον meirakion) at the time of Socrates' trial and death. According to Aristotle, Socrates' descendants as a whole turned out to be unremarkable "fools and dullards".

executed for witchcraft

ancient Attic-Greek vase-painter of the red-figure style

early 4th-century BC king of the Circassians

Gylis (also transcribed Gyllis or Gylus) was a Spartan polemarch under Agesilaus II at the Battle of Coronea in 394 BC in the Corinthian War.