5th-century BC pharaohs

The fourth and greatest Achaemenid emperor (522–486 BC)

The fifth Achaemenid emperor (486–465 BC)

sixth Achaemenid emperor (475–424 BC)

The ninth Achaemenid emperor (423–404 BC)

brief ruler of the Achaemenid Empire (died 424 BC)

Sogdianus ( or ; ) was briefly a ruler of the Achaemenid Empire for a period in 424–423 BC. His short rule—lasting not much more than six months—and the little recognition of his kingdom are known primarily from the writings of Ctesias; who is known to be unreliable. He was reportedly an illegitimate son of Artaxerxes I by his concubine Alogyne of Babylon.

Amyrtaeus of Sais ( , a Hellenization of the original Egyptian name Amenirdisu) is the only pharaoh of the Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt and is thought to be related to the royal family of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty (664–525 BC). He ended the first Persian occupation of Egypt (i.e. the Twenty-seventh Dynasty: 525–404 BC) and reigned from 404 BC to 399 BC. Amyrtaeus' successful insurrection inaugurated Egypt's last significant phase of independence under native sovereigns, which lasted for about 60 years until the Persians conquered the country again.

Possible 5th century BCE Egyptian pharaoh