Age of Enlightenment

German composer (1770-1827)

German philosopher (1724-1804)

French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650)

Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712-1778)

American polymath and statesman (1706–1790)

English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)

Austrian composer (1732–1809)

period of European history and cultural movement of the 17th and 18th centuries

Prussian philosopher, government official, diplomat, and educator (1767–1835)

revolution establishing the United States of America

Swedish 18th century scientist and theologian (1688-1772)

foundational document of the French Revolution

Neoclassicism, also spelled Neo-classicism, emerged as a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Neoclassicism was born in Rome, largely due to the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann during the rediscovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Its popularity expanded throughout Europe as a generation of European art students finished their Grand Tour and returned from Italy to their home countries with newly rediscovered Greco-Roman ideals. The main Neoclassical mo

French philosopher and writer (1647–1706)

group of Americans who led the revolution against Great Britain

style of Western classical music

thumb|283x283px|Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by David Martin, 1767. [[Benjamin Franklin is one of the foremost polymaths in US history. Franklin was a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer and political philosopher. He further attained a legacy as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.]]

German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar (1768-1834)

The , better known as the Encyclopédie (), was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, an index, and translations. It had many contributors, known among contemporaries as the Encyclopédistes. It was edited by Denis Diderot and, until 1759, co-edited by Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

18th century Russian author and social critic

Polish-Lithuanian Constitution from 1791 to 1793

1810 revolution in Buenos Aires

Greek humanist scholar (1748–1833)

form of absolute monarchy or despotism inspired by the Enlightenment

English politician and Earl (1671-1713)

literary movement

alt=French philosophers sitting around a table|thumb|'''' by Jean Huber, 1772, depicts several of the Encyclopédistes, including Condorcet, d'Alembert, Diderot, and [[Voltaire.]]

Polish poet, dramatist (1700-1773)

school of Christian theology that emphasizes the importance of reason and experience over doctrinal authority

intellectual movement in 18th–19th century Scotland

German writer

unrecognized European state (1755–1769)

Scottish philosopher and mathematician

music genre

vagabundo de los 7 mares

French, and then Genevan, physician, theologian and philosopher (1679–1767)

essay by Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno

Russian architect (1726-1772)

revolutionary wave in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

French statesman (1694-1757)

long-distance intellectual community

uncritical devotion to a religion

thumb|The Guayaquil conference (1822) between [[Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín, the greatest libertadores (liberators) of Spanish America.]]Libertadores (, "Liberators") were the principal Latin American leaders of the wars of independence from Spain and from Portugal. They are named that way in contrast with the Conquistadores ("Conquerors").

Scottish judge, scholar of language evolution and philosopher

thumb|Divine Justice smites Jean-Baptiste Pigalle's statue of [[Voltaire. Anonymous, 1773]] The Counter-Enlightenment refers to a loose collection of intellectual stances that arose during the European Enlightenment in opposition to its mainstream attitudes and ideals. The Counter-Enlightenment is generally seen to have continued from the 18th century into the early 19th century, especially with the rise of Romanticism. Its thinkers did not necessarily agree to a set of counter-doctrines but instead each challenged specific elements of Enlightenment thinking, such as the belief in progress, th

Spanish writer

Galician and Bohemian rabbi and Jewish scholar (1790–1867)

thumb|200px|Portrait of Joseph Bonaparte by [[François Gérard. Bonaparte was King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]] Afrancesado (, ; "Francophile" or "turned-French", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the Spanish and Portuguese supporters of Enlightenment ideas, Liberalism, or the French Revolution, that supported Napoleon's occupation as a means to implant these ideas in Spain.

Superior General of the Society of Jesus

aspect of Polish history in the 18th-19th centuries

1686 essay by Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle

18th-century national revival and educational movement in Greece

2018 non-fiction work by Steven Pinker

Science during the 16th-19th century

combination of encyclopaedia and real lexicon by Pierre Bayle

philosophy during the Age of Enlightenment

Austrian politician (1739-1813)

French diplomat (1700-1788)

novel by Friedrich Schiller

book by Giambattista Vico