Agricultural labor

Serfdom was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery. It developed during late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century and became the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism and similar systems.

thumb|upright=1.1|Kibbutz Kfar Masaryk

thumb|A former kolkhoz near Jermuk, Armenia thumb|1931 propaganda poster: "Kolkhoznik, read the book! The book will help fulfill the plan of the second Bolsheviks|Bolshevik spring!" thumb|Cotton growers at the "Zarya Vostoka" (Eastern Dawn) kolkhoz, Checheno-Ingush ASSR, 1938 A kolkhoz (Russian plural: kolkhozy; anglicized plural: kolkhozes () was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhozes. These were the major components of the agriculture in the Soviet Union. The term continued to exist in some post-Soviet states.

thumb|1932 Socialist Realism painting, "In a pig-breeding sovkhoz" (Petr Stroev) thumb|Headquarters of the "Leninugol" sovkhoz, Kemerovo Oblast. thumb|Students from the Kazakh Agricultural Institute at the [[Novopokrovsky sovkhoz, 1991.]] A sovkhoz was a form of state-owned farm or agricultural enterprise in the Soviet Union.

farming which meets the basic needs of the farmer and family

forced economic reforms of collective ownership of the means of production

250px|thumb|Indian labourers in British Trinidad and Tobago; around 1890s

thumb|Moshav Zekharia thumb|Mesilat Zion thumb|Beit Zayit thumb|Shdema thumb|Moshav Neve Michael

alt=Two farmworkers, one dressed in blue covers and the other in red with a face covering, bending down. They are presumed to be cleaning and picking up onions on a grassy field. Location is unknown.|thumb|272x272px|Two farm workers cleaning and picking at an onion field, location unknown thumb|right|240px|Farm workers on a field near Mount Williamson in [[Inyo County, California. This photograph is by Ansel Adams.]]

An ' (, ; ) or (, ; ), also officially termed as a rural community' (; ) between the 19th and 20th centuries, was a peasant village community (as opposed to an individual farmstead), or a khutor, in Imperial Russia. The term derives from the word (, literally "common").

socioeconomic model of agriculture and food distribution

cooperative in agriculture where farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activity

agrarian reform

type of agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise

thumb|260px|Contract for metayage, papyrus, 35th year of Amasis II (533 BC, 26th Dynasty) The metayage system is the cultivation of land for a proprietor by one who receives a proportion of the produce, as a kind of sharecropping. Another class of land tenancy in France is named , whereby the rent is paid annually in banknotes. A farm operating under métayage was known as a métairie, the origin of some place names in areas where the system was used, such as Metairie, Louisiana.

East German agricultural cooperative

volunteer community

collectivization of agriculture in Romania

settlement built around a sugar mill, in the Caribbean

collective farming in the People's Republic of Poland

International Labour Organization Convention